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      Parents’ awareness in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia regarding failure to thrive : A descriptive cross-sectional study

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          To assess the level of parental Awareness about growth failure across all of Saudi Arabia and look into the potential influence of covariates (social and demographic) as determinants of the level of knowledge of parents, both mother and father, aged between 18 and 60, and on the national level.

          Methods:

          A cross-sectional study involving a survey of 4,404 parents, aged between 18 and 60 years, in all administrative regions within Saudi Arabia was undertaken From March 2022 to May 2022.

          Results:

          The majority of participants had average awareness of FTT, and differences in region, as well as in educational and professional levels, had an impact on this awareness, with participants from the western region who hold bachelor’s degree and employees have a better level of awareness than others.

          Conclusion:

          To raise awareness, the whole public, especially parents, has to be continuously informed on failure to thrive in children and how to deal with it through educational programs and awareness campaigns.

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          Most cited references17

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          Adult consequences of growth failure in early childhood123

          Background: Growth failure is associated with adverse consequences, but studies need to control adequately for confounding. Objective: We related height-for-age z scores (HAZs) and stunting at age 24 mo to adult human capital, marriage, fertility, health, and economic outcomes. Design: In 2002–2004, we collected data from 1338 Guatemalan adults (aged 25–42 y) who were studied as children in 1969–1977. We used instrumental variable regression to correct for estimation bias and adjusted for potentially confounding factors. Results: A 1-SD increase in HAZ was associated with more schooling (0.78 grades) and higher test scores for reading and nonverbal cognitive skills (0.28 and 0.25 SDs, respectively), characteristics of marriage partners (1.39 y older, 1.02 grade more schooling, and 1.01 cm taller) and, for women, a higher age at first birth (0.77 y) and fewer number of pregnancies and children (0.63 and 0.43, respectively). A 1-SD increase in HAZ was associated with increased household per capita expenditure (21%) and a lower probability of living in poverty (10 percentage points). Conversely, being stunted at 2 y was associated with less schooling, a lower test performance, a lower household per capita expenditure, and an increased probability of living in poverty. For women, stunting was associated with a lower age at first birth and higher number of pregnancies and children. There was little relation between either HAZ or stunting and adult health. Conclusion: Growth failure in early life has profound adverse consequences over the life course on human, social, and economic capital.
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            Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Long Term Complications

            Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the most threatening gastrointestinal complication of prematurity leading to high mortality, morbidity and cost. Common complications of NEC include neurodevelopmental delay, failure to thrive, gastrointestinal problems including strictures and adhesions, cholestasis, short bowel syndrome with or without intestinal failure that can be difficult to manage. Infants who develop NEC benefit from close follow-up for early diagnosis and treatment of complications. Those who present with severe complications such as intestinal failure benefit from a multidisciplinary approach involving careful assessment and treatment. Studies done so far are limited in providing a long-term prognosis. Here we review some of these complications. More studies with a longer follow-up period are needed to better understand the later comorbidities that develop in babies with NEC.
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              Early recognition of growth abnormalities permitting early intervention

              Normal growth is a sign of good health. Monitoring for growth disturbances is fundamental to children's health care. Early detection and diagnosis of the causes of short stature allows management of underlying medical conditions, optimizing attainment of good health and normal adult height. Conclusion This review summarizes currently available information on monitoring for short stature in children and conditions usually associated with short stature and summarizes the authors’ conclusions on the early recognition of growth disorders.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Saudi Med J
                Saudi Med J
                smj
                SAMJDI
                Saudi Medical Journal
                Saudi Medical Journal
                0379-5284
                1658-3175
                December 2022
                : 43
                : 12
                : 1383-1389
                Affiliations
                From the Department of Pediatric (Alshammari), University of Hail-Medical College, and from the College of Medicine (Alnezari, Alhirabi, Alaamer, Alsadun, Alhmazani, Bakrshoom, Alharbi), University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
                Author notes
                Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Reem A. Alshammari, Teaching Assistant of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi. E-mail: rem.alshammari@ 123456uoh.edu.sa ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-9084
                Article
                SaudiMedJ-43-12-1383
                10.15537/smj.2022.43.12.20220511
                9994523
                36517051
                e0ef8493-6297-444e-bbc1-09ad7bc09d59
                Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal

                This is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work.

                History
                : 5 July 2022
                : 17 November 2022
                Categories
                Original Article

                awareness,parents,failure to thrive,growth faltering,growth failure

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