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      Effects of gender sensitive language in job listings: A study on real-life user interaction

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      Author(s): 1 , * , , 2
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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLOS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          The possible impact of gender-sensitive language on readers is among the most controversially debated issues in linguistics and beyond. Previous studies have suggested that there is an effect of gender-sensitive language on mental representations, based on data gathered in laboratory settings with small groups of participants. We add a new perspective by examining correlations of authentic language use with authentic user interaction on a recruitment website. Drawing upon a large dataset provided by the recruitment platform StepStone, we evaluate whether job advertisements using certain kinds of gender-sensitive language in their titles correlate with higher proportions of views by female users. Our results indicate that there are differing effects depending on the type of gender-sensitive language that is used. Overall, the strongest correlation can be found with terms that include the feminine suffix -in.

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          Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Usinglme4

          Steve Walker, Martin Mächler, Ben Bolker … (2022)
          Article 0 comments Cited 12143 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Evidence that gendered wording in job advertisements exists and sustains gender inequality.

            Danielle Gaucher, Justin Friesen, Aaron C. Kay (2011)
            Social dominance theory (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999) contends that institutional-level mechanisms exist that reinforce and perpetuate existing group-based inequalities, but very few such mechanisms have been empirically demonstrated. We propose that gendered wording (i.e., masculine- and feminine-themed words, such as those associated with gender stereotypes) may be a heretofore unacknowledged, institutional-level mechanism of inequality maintenance. Employing both archival and experimental analyses, the present research demonstrates that gendered wording commonly employed in job recruitment materials can maintain gender inequality in traditionally male-dominated occupations. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated the existence of subtle but systematic wording differences within a randomly sampled set of job advertisements. Results indicated that job advertisements for male-dominated areas employed greater masculine wording (i.e., words associated with male stereotypes, such as leader, competitive, dominant) than advertisements within female-dominated areas. No difference in the presence of feminine wording (i.e., words associated with female stereotypes, such as support, understand, interpersonal) emerged across male- and female-dominated areas. Next, the consequences of highly masculine wording were tested across 3 experimental studies. When job advertisements were constructed to include more masculine than feminine wording, participants perceived more men within these occupations (Study 3), and importantly, women found these jobs less appealing (Studies 4 and 5). Results confirmed that perceptions of belongingness (but not perceived skills) mediated the effect of gendered wording on job appeal (Study 5). The function of gendered wording in maintaining traditional gender divisions, implications for gender parity, and theoretical models of inequality are discussed.
            Article 0 comments Cited 108 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Changing (S)expectations: How gender fair job descriptions impact children's perceptions and interest regarding traditionally male occupations

              Dries Vervecken, Bettina Hannover, Ilka Wolter (2013)
              Article 0 comments Cited 38 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Dominik Hetjens:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3354-5187
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Stefan Hartmann: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Montserrat Comesaña Vila: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLOS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 August 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0308072
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of German Studies and Media Cultures, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
                [2 ] Department of German Studies, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
                University of Minho School of Psychology: Universidade do Minho Escola de Psicologia, PORTUGAL
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3354-5187
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-24-04132
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308072
                PMC ID: 11324110
                PubMed ID: 39141660
                SO-VID: fbba7bbb-f16c-4fa3-908b-7f67e4b74f91
                Copyright © © 2024 Hetjens, Hartmann
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 6 February 2024
                Date accepted : 16 July 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, Pages: 18
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Cognitive Science
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Language
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Language
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Language
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Sociology
                Subject: Sexual and Gender Issues
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Economics
                Subject: Labor Economics
                Subject: Employment
                Subject: Jobs
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Sociology
                Subject: Communications
                Subject: Marketing
                Subject: Advertising
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Linguistics
                Subject: Semantics
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Linguistics
                Subject: Linguistic Morphology
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Professions
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Professions
                Subject: Teachers
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability The data can be found in a sheet here: https://uni-duesseldorf.sciebo.de/s/pKu2B1Np4wf1yqw.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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