Reservorios de leptospirosis en Camagüey: dos resultados y una misma base de datos

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Abstract

El objetivo del trabajo fue establecer la fiabilidad de las variables número de muestras y proporción de reactores positivos por especie para el estudio de los animales domésticos como reservorios de leptospirosis en Camagüey. Se hizo una base de datos con los reactores a Leptospira a partir de los sueros sanguíneos de 2 659 bovinos, 2 617 equinos, 814 porcinos, 75 ovinos-caprinos y 69 caninos de la provincia. Los resultados, atendiendo al número de muestras, dieron a bovinos (43 %) y equinos (41 %) como reactores hegemónicos; porcinos (13 %), caninos (1 %) y ovino-caprinos (1 %) mostraron un comportamiento muy inferior. En función de la proporción de reactores por especie, bovinos, porcinos, caninos y caballares prevalecieron homogéneamente (P<0,05) a diferencia de ovino-caprino. Los caballos destinados a la transportación urbana constituyeron un riesgo potencial para el ser humano

Translated abstract

The objective of the work was to establish the reliability of the variable number of samples and proportion of positive reactors by species for the study of the domestic animals as leptospirosis reservoirs in Camagüey. A database was made with the reactors to Leptospira from the sanguine serums of 2 659 bovine, 2 617 equine, 814 swinish, 75 ovines-caprines and 69 canines of the province. According to the number of samples, the results gave to bovine (43%) and equine (41%) as hegemonic reactors; swinish (13%), canine (1%) and ovine-caprines (1%) showed a very inferior behavior. In function of the proportion of reactors by species, bovine, swinish, canine and horses prevailed homogeneously (P<0,05) contrary to ovine-caprine. Horses dedicated to the urban transportation constituted a potential risk for the human being

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First Isolation and Direct Evidence for the Existence of Large Small-Mammal Reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar

Soanandrasana Rahelinirina, Albertine Léon, Rudy A. Harstskeerl … (2010)

Background Leptospirosis has long been a major public health concern in the southwestern Indian Ocean. However, in Madagascar, only a few, old studies have provided indirect serological evidence of the disease in humans or animals. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a large animal study focusing on small-mammal populations. Five field trapping surveys were carried out at five sites, from April 2008 to August 2009. Captures consisted of Rattus norvegicus (35.8%), R. rattus (35.1%), Mus musculus (20.5%) and Suncus murinus (8.6%). We used microbiological culture, serodiagnosis tests (MAT) and real-time PCR to assess Leptospira infection. Leptospira carriage was detected by PCR in 91 (33.9%) of the 268 small mammals, by MAT in 17 of the 151 (11.3%) animals for which serum samples were available and by culture in 9 of the 268 animals (3.3%). Rates of infection based on positive PCR results were significantly higher in Moramanga (54%), Toliara (48%) and Mahajanga (47.4%) than in Antsiranana (8.5%) and Toamasina (14%) (p = 0.001). The prevalence of Leptospira carriage was significantly higher in R. norvegicus (48.9%), S. murinus (43.5%) and R. rattus (30.8%) than in M. musculus (9.1%) (p<0.001). The MAT detected antibodies against the serogroups Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae. Isolates were characterized by serology, secY sequence-based phylogeny, partial sequencing of rrs, multi-locus VNTR analysis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The 10 isolates obtained from nine rats were all identified as species L. interrogans serogroup Canicola serovar Kuwait and all had identical partial rrs and secY sequences. Conclusions/Significance We present here the first direct evidence of widespread leptospiral carriage in small mammals in Madagascar. Our results strongly suggest a high level of environmental contamination, consistent with probable transmission of the infection to humans. This first isolation of pathogenic Leptospira strains in this country may significantly improve the detection of specific antibodies in human cases.

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Leptospirosis in animals and human contacts in Egypt: broad range surveillance

My Samir, Rafik Soliman, Mahmoud El-Hariri … (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease of humans and animals worldwide. The disease is caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. These organisms are maintained in nature via chronic renal infection of carrier animals, which excrete the organisms in their urine. Humans become infected through direct or indirect exposure to infected animals and their urine or through contact with contaminated water and soil. This study was conducted to investigate Leptospira infections as a re-emerging zoonosis that has been neglected in Egypt. METHODS: Samples from 1,250 animals (270 rats, 168 dogs, 625 cows, 26 buffaloes, 99 sheep, 14 horses, 26 donkeys and 22 camels), 175 human contacts and 45 water sources were collected from different governorates in Egypt. The samples were collected from different body sites and prepared for culture, PCR and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). RESULTS: The isolation rates of Leptospira serovars were 6.9%, 11.3% and 1.1% for rats, dogs and cows, respectively, whereas the PCR results revealed respective detection rates of 24%, 11.3% and 1.1% for rats, dogs and cows. Neither the other examined animal species nor humans yielded positive results via these two techniques. Only six Leptospira serovars (Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Celledoni and Pyrogenes) could be isolated from rats, dogs and cows. Moreover, the seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies among the examined humans determined using MAT was 49.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results revealed that rats, dogs and cows were the most important animal reservoirs for leptospirosis in Egypt, and the high seroprevalence among human contacts highlights the public health implications of this neglected zoonosis.