4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Correlación: no toda correlación implica causalidad Translated title: Correlation: not all correlation entails causality

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen El concepto de correlación implica contar con un par de observaciones (X y Y), es decir, el valor que toma Y para determinado valor de X; la correlación permite examinar la tendencia de dos variables a ir juntas, por ejemplo, sabemos que al incrementar la edad también aumentan las cifras de presión arterial, por lo tanto, si queremos responder una pregunta de investigación como ¿cuál es la relación entre edad y presión arterial?, la prueba estadística pertinente es una prueba de correlación. Esta prueba permite cuantificar la magnitud de la correlación entre dos variables y ayuda a predecir valores. Si estas variables tuvieran una correlación perfecta se podría inferir el valor de la variable Y conociendo el valor de X. Debido a estas ventajas, la correlación es una de las pruebas más usadas en el ámbito clínico, ya que además de medir la dirección y magnitud de la asociación de dos variables, es uno de los fundamentos de los modelos de predicción, como los modelos de regresión lineal, logística y riesgos proporcionales de Cox.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The concept of correlation entails having a couple of observations (X and Y), that is to say, the value that Y acquires for a determined value of X; the correlation makes it possible to examine the trend of two variables to be grouped together. We know that, with increasing age, blood pressure figures also increase, therefore, if we want to answer a research question like “what is the connection between age and blood pressure?” the relevant statistical test is a correlation test. This test makes it possible to quantify the magnitude of the correlation between two variables, but it is also helpful for predicting values. If these variables had a perfect correlation, the value of the variable Y could be deduced by knowing the value of X. Because of these advantages, the correlation is one of the most frequently used tests in the clinical setting since, in addition to measuring the direction and magnitude of the association of two variables, it is one of the foundations for prediction models, such as linear regression model, logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazards model.

          Related collections

          Most cited references6

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Correlation and simple linear regression.

          In this tutorial article, the concepts of correlation and regression are reviewed and demonstrated. The authors review and compare two correlation coefficients, the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Spearman rho, for measuring linear and nonlinear relationships between two continuous variables. In the case of measuring the linear relationship between a predictor and an outcome variable, simple linear regression analysis is conducted. These statistical concepts are illustrated by using a data set from published literature to assess a computed tomography-guided interventional technique. These statistical methods are important for exploring the relationships between variables and can be applied to many radiologic studies.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            El protocolo de investigación VI: cómo elegir la prueba estadística adecuada. Estadística inferencial

            Resumen El análisis estadístico se divide en 2 grandes componentes: el análisis descriptivo y el análisis inferencial. Una inferencia es la elaboración de conclusiones a partir de las pruebas que se realizan con los datos obtenidos de una muestra. Las pruebas estadísticas se emplean con la finalidad de establecer la probabilidad de que una conclusión que se obtiene a partir de una muestra sea aplicable a la población de la cual se obtuvo. Sin embargo, la elección de la prueba estadística apropiada, en general, representa un reto para los investigadores principiantes. Para elegir la prueba estadística es necesario tomar en cuenta 3 aspectos: el diseño de la investigación, el número de mediciones y la escala de medición de las variables. Las pruebas estadísticas se dividen en 2 conjuntos: las paramétricas y las no paramétricas. Las pruebas paramétricas solamente se pueden utilizar si los datos muestran una distribución normal. La elección de la prueba estadística adecuada facilitará la comprensión y aplicación de los resultados de cualquier estudio de investigación.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              The effect of breast-feeding duration on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Turkish women: a population-based study

              Introduction In the present study, we investigated the effects of breast-feeding time on bone mineral density (BMD) later in life. Material and methods The current study was based on a retrospective analysis of 586 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 60.8 years, who were screened for osteoporosis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).They were classified into 4 groups with respect to the duration of their breast-feeding as never (group 1), 1-24 months (group 2), 25-60 months (group 3), or > 60 months (group 4). Bone mineral density results for the femur neck and lumbar spine were classified into 3 groups according to WHO criteria as normal (T score > –1.0 SD), osteopenia (T score –1.0 to –2.5 SD), and osteoporosis (T score < –2.5 SD). Patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis (T score < –1.0 SD) were considered as having low bone mass (LBM). Results We found a correlation between duration of lactation and femur BMD or spine BMD in the study population (r = 0.116, p < 0.005; r = –0.151, p = 0.001, respectively). Significant differences were found between femur BMD and spine BMD of groups in one-way ANOVA analysis (p = 0.025, p = 0.005, respectively). Additionally, when compared with the other three groups, group 4 was older and had longer duration of menopause (p < 0.01). In logistic regression analysis, age and body mass index were found as independent risk factors of LBM [odds ratio: 1.084 (95% CI 1.031-1.141); odds ratio: 0.896 (95% CI 0.859-0.935)], while duration of lactation was not found as an independent predictor of LBM. Conclusions In this study, we have found that changes of bone metabolism during lactation had no effect on postmenopausal BMD measured by DXA. Consequently, it can be suggested that long breast-feeding duration is not a risk factor for low bone mass later in life.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                ram
                Revista alergia México
                Rev. alerg. Méx.
                Colegio Mexicano de Inmunología Clínica y Alergia, A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                2448-9190
                September 2019
                : 66
                : 3
                : 354-360
                Affiliations
                [2] Ciudad de México orgnameInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Dr. Ramón de la Fuente orgdiv1Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas México
                [1] Ciudad de México orgnameInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social orgdiv1Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI orgdiv2Centro de Adiestramiento en Investigación Clínica Mexico
                Article
                S2448-91902019000300354 S2448-9190(19)06600300354
                10.29262/ram.v66i3.651
                31606019
                6da03b60-8188-43d3-b063-5243c375cb87

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 August 2019
                : 30 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Metodología de la investigación

                Clinical research,Prediction models,Statistical correlation,Investigación clínica,Modelos de predicción,Correlación estadística

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content19

                Cited by17

                Most referenced authors111