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      Relación entre Apoyo Social percibido, Severidad de Insomnio y Somnolencia Diurna en Adultos Mayores Translated title: Relationship between perceived Social Support, Severity of Insomnia and Daytime Sleepiness in Elderly

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El apoyo social es un importante factor protector de la salud de los adultos mayores (AM). Asimismo, un buen dormir es fundamental para su bienestar y funcionalidad, siendo las alteraciones del sueño un importante problema de salud pública en este grupo etario. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre apoyo social percibido, insomnio y somnolencia diurna en AM residentes en Chillán, Chile. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, correlacional, de corte transversal. Se aplicó la versión chilena de la Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido (MOS), el Índice de severidad del insomnio (ISI), y la Escala de somnolencia diurna de Epworth a AM pertenecientes a agrupaciones comunitarias. Se entrevistaron a 202 AM de ambos sexos, de edad 72,3±6,2 años. Se presentaron correlaciones positivas entre escolaridad y severidad del insomnio (p<0,05) y entre severidad del insomnio y somnolencia (p<0,001), además, se encontraron correlaciones negativas entre severidad del insomnio y apoyo social percibido, tanto en forma global como por dimensiones (p<0,05). La dimensión “Interacción social positiva” se correlacionó también de forma negativa con la somnolencia diurna. Los AM participantes del estudio que presentaron un alto nivel de apoyo social presentaron una menor prevalencia y severidad del insomnio.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Social support is an important protective factor for the health of elderly (E).Likewise, good sleep is fundamental for their well-being and functionality, being sleep disorder an important public health problem in this age group. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived social support, insomnia and daytime sleepiness in elderly residents of Chillán, Chile. A quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional study was carried out. The Chilean version of the Perceived Social Support Scale (MOS), the Index of severity of insomnia (ISI) and the Daytime Sleepiness Scale of Epworth was applied to elderly belonging to community groups. Two hundred two elderly of both sexes were interviewed, age 72.3 ± 6.2 years. There were positive correlations between schooling and severity of insomnia (p <0.05) and between severity of insomnia and somnolence (p< 0.001). In addition, there were negative correlations between severity of insomnia and perceived social support, both globally and by dimensions (p <0.05). The dimension "Positive social interaction" also correlates negatively with daytime sleepiness. The elderly participants of the study who presented a high level of social support had a lower prevalence and severity of insomnia.

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          Most cited references27

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          Sleep and sleep disorders in older adults.

          A common but significant change associated with aging is a profound disruption to the daily sleep-wake cycle. It has been estimated that as many as 50% of older adults complain about difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Poor sleep results in increased risk of significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, in younger adults, compromised sleep has been shown to have a consistent effect on cognitive function, which may suggest that sleep problems contribute to the cognitive changes that accompany older age. The multifactorial nature of variables affecting sleep in old age cannot be overstated. Changes in sleep have been thought to reflect normal developmental processes, which can be further compromised by sleep disturbances secondary to medical or psychiatric diseases (e.g., chronic pain, dementia, depression), a primary sleep disorder that can itself be age-related (e.g., Sleep Disordered Breathing and Periodic Limb Movements During Sleep), or some combination of any of these factors. Given that changes in sleep quality and quantity in later life have implications for quality of life and level of functioning, it is imperative to distinguish the normal age-related sleep changes from those originating from pathological processes.
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            The Spanish version of the Insomnia Severity Index: a confirmatory factor analysis.

            To examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and to determine its factor structure with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
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              Bienestar Psicológico, Apoyo Social Percibido y Percepción de Salud en Adultos Mayores

              Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar las relaciones entre el bienestar psicológico, el apoyo social percibido y la percepción de salud en adultos mayores. La muestra estuvo constituida por 250 personas, 146 mujeres y 104 hombres, con edades entre 60 y 87 años (promedio de 70,8 años) de la ciudad de Concepción (Chile). Los resultados mostraron que el bienestar psicológico presentaba mayores relaciones con el apoyo social percibido que con la percepción de salud, que los hombres informaron mayor bienestar psicológico y mejor percepción de salud que las mujeres y que las personas casadas o con pareja estable informaron mayor bienestar psicológico y mayor apoyo social percibido que aquellas sin pareja estable. Se proponen diversos factores explicativos para los resultados obtenidos.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                iics
                Memorias del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud
                Mem. Inst. Investig. Cienc. Salud
                Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (Asunción, , Paraguay )
                1812-9528
                December 2020
                : 18
                : 3
                : 34-42
                Affiliations
                [1] Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián orgdiv1Programa de Magíster en Kinesiología Gerontológica y Geriátrica Chile
                [2] Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián orgdiv1Facultad de Salud orgdiv2Escuela de Kinesiología Chile
                [3] Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián Chile
                Article
                S1812-95282020000300034 S1812-9528(20)01800300034
                10.18004/mem.iics/1812-9528/2020.018.03.34
                3e84e7b7-3c5d-4e6c-bfcf-1668799c9039

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 May 2020
                : 01 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                Elderly,apoyo social,social support,daytime sleepiness,somnolencia diurna,sleep,insomnio,insomnia,Adulto mayor,sueño

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