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      Efecto a largo plazo del oxibato de sodio en la somnolencia diurna y en la estructura del sueño en pacientes con narcolepsia de tipo 1 Translated title: Long-term follow-up on the effects of sodium oxybate on daytime sleepiness and sleep architecture in patients with narcolepsy type 1

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          Abstract

          Introducción.

          El oxibato de sodio (SXB) se utilizó en 1979 en 16 enfermos con narcolepsia-cataplejía (NT1) que mejoraron tras 20 meses de tratamiento.

          Objetivos.

          Evaluar el efecto del SXB en la somnolencia diurna y en la estructura del sueño mediante videopolisomnografía en una muestra de 23 enfermos de NT1 (13 hombres y 10 mujeres) tratados durante tres años. Investigamos adicionalmente la presencia de comorbilidad.

          Pacientes y métodos.

          Diagnosticamos a los enfermos de acuerdo con la Clasificación Internacional de Trastornos del Sueño, tercera edición. Realizamos un estudio longitudinal, observacional y de videopolisomnografía, comparando los parámetros de sueño y los índices de apnea-hipopnea y de movimientos periódicos de las piernas de los enfermos, tratados con una dosis nocturna inicial de 4,5 g de SXB al cabo de seis meses (C-1), un año (C-2) y tres años (C-3) de tratamiento ininterrumpido.

          Resultados.

          Todos los enfermos eran HLA-DQB1*06:02 positivos, excepto un caso familiar. Trece enfermos (56%) interrumpieron el tratamiento debido a las dos tomas nocturnas, así como a la presencia de efectos secundarios, comorbilidad y embarazo. Encontramos diferencias significativas en C-2 en la estructura del sueño con aumento del estadio N2 ( p < 0,03) y del índice de movimientos periódicos de las piernas ( p < 0,01). En el control C-3 encontramos diferencias significativas en la estructura del sueño con aumento del estadio N1 ( p = 0,03), y de los índices de movimientos periódicos de las piernas y de apnea-hipopnea.

          Conclusiones.

          El SXB se administró en dos dosis nocturnas, lo que, unido a la fragmentación del sueño y a la aparición de comorbilidades, condujo a la interrupción del tratamiento a largo plazo.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction.

          Sodium oxybate (SXB) was administered for the first time in 1979 in 16 patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NT1) that improved up to 20 months.

          Aims.

          To evaluate the effect of SXB on daytime sleepiness and sleep architecture by video-polysomnography in a sample of 23 NT1 adult patients (13 men, 10 females) treated up to three years. Additional goal was to study the presence of sleep comorbidities.

          Patients and methods.

          NT1 patients were diagnosed according to International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition. We conducted a longitudinal observational study and a video-polysomnography comparing the sleep parameters of patients treated with an initial nocturnal dose of 4.5 g of SXB after six months (FU-1), one year (FU-2) and three years (FU-3) of uninterrupted treatment. Video-polysomnography parameters were analyzed including apnea-hypopnea and periodic leg movements indexes.

          Results.

          Patients were HLA-DQB1*06:02 positive except a familial case. Thirteen patients (56%) discontinued SXB treatment over the three-year of the study. The two-nightly doses has been one of the reason for discontinuing treatment as well as insufficient compliance, mild or severe side effects, comorbidities and pregnancy. We found significant differences at FU-2 in sleep structure with an increased in stage N2 ( p < 0.03) and a higher periodic leg movements index ( p < 0.01). At FU-3 we found significant differences in sleep structure with an increase in stage N1 ( p = 0.03) and in comorbidities (periodic leg movements and apnea-hypopnea indexes). There was not significant change on daytime sleepiness during the study.

          Conclusions. SXB was administered in low-medium doses. Two-nightly doses and sleep fragmentation linked to sleep comorbidities at long-term lead to drug withdrawal.

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          Most cited references17

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          European guideline and expert statements on the management of narcolepsy in adults and children.

          Narcolepsy is an uncommon hypothalamic disorder of presumed autoimmune origin that usually requires lifelong treatment. This paper aims to provide evidence-based guidelines for the management of narcolepsy in both adults and children.
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            A missense mutation in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein as a cause of familial narcolepsy with cataplexy.

            Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Familial narcolepsy accounts for less than 10% of all narcolepsy cases. However, documented multiplex families are very rare and causative mutations have not been identified to date. To identify a causative mutation in familial narcolepsy, we performed linkage analysis in the largest ever reported family, which has 12 affected members, and sequenced coding regions of the genome (exome sequencing) of three affected members with narcolepsy and cataplexy. We successfully mapped a candidate locus on chromosomal region 6p22.1 (LOD score ¼ 3.85) by linkage analysis. Exome sequencing identified a missense mutation in the second exon of MOG within the linkage region. A c.398C>G mutation was present in all affected family members but absent in unaffected members and 775 unrelated control subjects. Transient expression of mutant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in mouse oligodendrocytes showed abnormal subcellular localization, suggesting an altered function of the mutant MOG. MOG has recently been linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders and is considered as a key autoantigen in multiple sclerosis and in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Our finding of a pathogenic MOG mutation highlights a major role for myelin and oligodendrocytes in narcolepsy and further emphasizes glial involvement in neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral disorders. [corrected]. Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              A pilot study on the effects of sodium oxybate on sleep architecture and daytime alertness in narcolepsy.

              To measure the effect of nocturnal sodium oxybate administration on sleep architecture in patients with narcolepsy. Open-label study. Four accredited sleep clinics. 25 adult patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy. Patients were weaned from previously used anticataplectic medications and administered increasing nightly doses of sodium oxybate over a 10-week period: 4.5 g for 4 weeks, 6 g for 2 weeks, 7.5 g for 2 weeks, and 9 g for 2 weeks. The effect of sodium oxybate was measured using nocturnal polysomnograms, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, and a narcolepsy symptoms questionnaire. The nightly administration of sodium oxybate produced dose-related increases in slow-wave sleep and delta power, rapid eye movement sleep increased initially and then decreased in a dose-related manner, nocturnal awakenings decreased, and daytime sleep latency increased. Significant improvements in daytime symptoms were measured by the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the narcolepsy symptom questionnaire. Nocturnal administration of sodium oxybate in patients with narcolepsy produces significant improvements in sleep architecture, which coincide with significant improvements in daytime functioning.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Neurol
                Rev Neurol
                RN
                Revista de Neurología
                Viguera Editores (Evidenze Group) (Spain )
                0210-0010
                1576-6578
                2023
                16 January 2023
                : 76
                : 2
                : 35-40
                Affiliations
                [1] originalUnidad de Sueño y Epilepsia. Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón normalizedUnidad de Sueño y Epilepsia. Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica orgnameHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid España
                [2] originalInstituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) normalizedInstituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón orgnameUniversidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Madrid España
                [3] originalNeurología-Unidad de Sueño. Hospital Ruber International normalizedNeurología-Unidad de Sueño orgnameHospital Ruber International Madrid España
                [4] originalUnidad de Neurofisiología Clínica. Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús normalizedUnidad de Neurofisiología Clínica orgnameHospital Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid España
                [5] originalDepartamento de Psicología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad San Pablo-CEU. Madrid, España normalizedDepartamento de Psicología. Facultad de Medicina orgnameUniversidad San Pablo-CEU Madrid España
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: Dra. Rosa Peraita-Adrados. Unidad de Sueño y Epilepsia. Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica. Hospital General Universitario e Instituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón. Calle Dr. Esquerdo, 46. E-28007 Madrid. E-mail: rosa-peraita@ 123456telefonica.net

                Conflicto de intereses: Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-4000
                Article
                RN-76-35
                10.33588/rn.7602.2022315
                10364036
                36631962
                1f3f6af0-4c31-4d56-b218-3a98d1d8c96f
                Copyright: © Revista de Neurología

                Revista de Neurología trabaja bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 02 December 2022
                Categories
                Original

                efectos adversos,fragmentación del sueño,narcolepsia con cataplejía,oxibato de sodio,sueño nocturno perturbado,videopolisomnografía,narcolepsy with cataplexy,nocturnal disturbed sleep,sleep fragmentation,side effects,sodium oxybate,video-polysomnography

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