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      Improving Sexual Health in U.S. Rural Communities: Reducing the Impact of Stigma

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          Abstract

          Sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV, are among the most reported diseases in the U.S. and represent some of America’s most significant health disparities. The growing scarcity of health care services in rural settings limits STI prevention and treatment for rural Americans. Local health departments are the primary source for STI care in rural communities; however, these providers experience two main challenges, also known as a double disparity: (1) inadequate capacity and (2) poor health in rural populations. Moreover, in rural communities the interaction of rural status and key determinants of health increase STI disparities. These key determinants can include structural, behavioral, and interpersonal factors, one of which is stigma. Engaging the expertise and involvement of affected community members in decisions regarding the needs, barriers, and opportunities for better sexual health is an asset and offers a gateway to sustainable, successful, and non-stigmatizing STI prevention programs.

          Resumen

          Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), incluyendo al VIH, se encuentran entre las enfermedades más diagnosticadas en los Estados Unidos y representan algunas de las disparidades de salud más significativas. La creciente escasez de servicios de atención médica en entornos rurales limita la prevención y el tratamiento de las ITS para los estadounidenses de zonas rurales. Los departamentos locales de salud son las fuentes principales para el cuidado de las ITS en las comunidades rurales, pero estos proveedores confrontan dos desafíos principales, o una doble disparidad: (1) capacidad inadecuada y (2) malas condiciones de salud entre las poblaciones rurales. Además, en las comunidades rurales la interacción entre el estatus rural y determinantes claves de la salud aumentan las disparidades asociadas a las ITS. Estos determinantes clave pueden incluir factores estructurales, de comportamiento y interpersonales, como el estigma. El involucrar la experiencia y la participación de los miembros de la comunidad afectados en las decisiones sobre las necesidades, barreras y oportunidades para una mejor salud sexual es beneficioso y ofrece una puerta de entrada a programas de prevención de ITS sostenibles, exitosos y no estigmatizantes.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                jxv2@cdc.gov
                Journal
                AIDS Behav
                AIDS Behav
                AIDS and Behavior
                Springer US (New York )
                1090-7165
                1573-3254
                26 August 2021
                : 1-10
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.416738.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2163 0069, Division of STD Prevention, NCHHSTP, , Centers for Disease Control, ; 1600 Clifton Road, MS US12-3, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
                Article
                3416
                10.1007/s10461-021-03416-4
                8390058
                34436713
                176fdf5a-a0b6-45e5-95d5-da7ea31d7f67
                © This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 29 July 2021
                Categories
                Original Paper

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                sexually transmitted infections,stigma,rural populations,community engagement,infecciones de transmisión sexual,estigma,poblaciones rurales,participación comunitaria

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