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      Barrios de Riesgo, Estilos de Socialización Parental y Problemas de Conducta en Adolescentes Translated title: Neighborhood Risk, Parental Socialization Styles, and Adolescent Conduct Problems

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          Abstract

          Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de los estilos parentales de socialización (autoritario, autorizativo, indulgente y negligente) y el nivel de riesgo percibido en el barrio en tres indicadores de problemas de conducta en la adolescencia (conducta escolar disruptiva, delincuencia y consumo de sustancias). La muestra está compuesta por 1.017 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 17 años. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de cuatro diseños factoriales multivariados revelaron únicamente efectos principales de los estilos parentales y del nivel de riesgo percibido en el barrio. Los adolescentes de padres indulgentes y autorizativos presentaron menores problemas de conducta que los hijos de padres autoritarios y negligentes. Asimismo, los mayores niveles de riesgo percibido en el barrio se asociaron significativamente a un mayor número de problemas conductuales. No se observaron efectos de interacción significativos entre los estilos parentales y la percepción de riesgo en el barrio, aunque sí se obtuvo una interacción significativa entre la percepción de riesgo y el sexo. En general, los resultados obtenidos no permiten afirmar que los estilos de socialización sean más efectivos en unas condiciones de riesgo que en otras, y sugieren que los entornos residenciales de riesgo influyen negativamente en el ajuste psicosocial de los adolescentes más allá de la influencia de los estilos parentales de socialización.

          Translated abstract

          This article aims to analyze the influence of parental socialization styles (authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent and neglectful), and perceived neighborhood risk on three indicators of conduct problems in adolescence (school misconduct, delinquency, and drug use). The sample consists of 1,017 adolescents, aged between 12 and 17. Results from four multivariate factorial designs yielded only main effects of parenting styles and neighborhood risk. Adolescents from authoritative and indulgent families showed lower conduct problems than those with authoritarian and neglectful parents. Also, higher levels of perceived neighborhood risk were significantly associated with more conduct problems. There were no significant interaction effects between parenting styles and perceived neighborhood risk, but results yielded a significant interaction effect between neighborhood risk and sex. Overall, results do not support the idea that parenting styles are more effective under certain neighborhood risk conditions, and suggest that neighborhood risk influences adolescents' psychosocial adjustment beyond the influence of parental socialization styles.

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          Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families.

          In order to test Maccoby and Martin's revision of Baumrind's conceptual framework, the families of approximately 4,100 14-18-year-olds were classified into 1 of 4 groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful) on the basis of the adolescents' ratings of their parents on 2 dimensions: acceptance/involvement and strictness/supervision. The youngsters were then contrasted along 4 sets of outcomes: psychosocial development, school achievement, internalized distress, and problem behavior. Results indicate that adolescents who characterize their parents as authoritative score highest on measures of psychosocial competence and lowest on measures of psychological and behavioral dysfunction; the reverse is true for adolescents who describe their parents as neglectful. Adolescents whose parents are characterized as authoritarian score reasonably well on measures indexing obedience and conformity to the standards of adults but have relatively poorer self-conceptions than other youngsters. In contrast, adolescents from indulgent homes evidence a strong sense of self-confidence but report a higher frequency of substance abuse and school misconduct and are less engaged in school. The results provide support for Maccoby and Martin's framework and indicate the need to distinguish between two types of "permissive" families: those that are indulgent and those that are neglectful.
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            We Know Some Things: Parent-Adolescent Relationships in Retrospect and Prospect

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              Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families.

              In a previous report, we demonstrated that adolescents' adjustment varies as a function of their parents' style (e.g., authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglectful). This 1-year follow-up was conducted in order to examine whether the observed differences are maintained over time. In 1987, an ethnically and socioeconomically heterogeneous sample of approximately 2,300 14-18-year-olds provided information used to classify the adolescents' families into 1 of 4 parenting style groups. That year, and again 1 year later, the students completed a battery of standardized instruments tapping psychosocial development, school achievement, internalized distress, and behavior problems. Differences in adjustment associated with variations in parenting are either maintained or increase over time. However, whereas the benefits of authoritative parenting are largely in the maintenance of previous levels of high adjustment, the deleterious consequences of neglectful parenting continue to accumulate.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                inter
                Psychosocial Intervention
                Psychosocial Intervention
                Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1132-0559
                2173-4712
                December 2010
                : 19
                : 3
                : 265-278
                Affiliations
                [01] Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Valencia - España España
                Article
                S1132-05592010000300007
                00e2cbf7-22cb-47a3-ac4b-8e69a094636a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 July 2010
                : 06 April 2010
                : 15 June 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 97, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                adolescencia,estilos parentales,socialización,vecindarios de riesgo,problemas de conducta,adolescence,conduct problems,neighborhood risk,parenting styles,socialization

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