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      Barrios de Riesgo, Estilos de Socialización Parental y Problemas de Conducta en Adolescentes

      Psychosocial Intervention
      Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid
      adolescence, conduct problems, neighborhood risk, parenting styles, socialization, adolescencia, estilos parentales, socialización, vecindarios de riesgo, problemas de conducta

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          Abstract

          Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de los estilos parentales de socialización (autoritario, autorizativo, indulgente y negligente) y el nivel de riesgo percibido en el barrio en tres indicadores de problemas de conducta en la adolescencia (conducta escolar disruptiva, delincuencia y consumo de sustancias). La muestra está compuesta por 1.017 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 17 años. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de cuatro diseños factoriales multivariados revelaron únicamente efectos principales de los estilos parentales y del nivel de riesgo percibido en el barrio. Los adolescentes de padres indulgentes y autorizativos presentaron menores problemas de conducta que los hijos de padres autoritarios y negligentes. Asimismo, los mayores niveles de riesgo percibido en el barrio se asociaron significativamente a un mayor número de problemas conductuales. No se observaron efectos de interacción significativos entre los estilos parentales y la percepción de riesgo en el barrio, aunque sí se obtuvo una interacción significativa entre la percepción de riesgo y el sexo. En general, los resultados obtenidos no permiten afirmar que los estilos de socialización sean más efectivos en unas condiciones de riesgo que en otras, y sugieren que los entornos residenciales de riesgo influyen negativamente en el ajuste psicosocial de los adolescentes más allá de la influencia de los estilos parentales de socialización.

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          Most cited references152

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          Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families.

          In order to test Maccoby and Martin's revision of Baumrind's conceptual framework, the families of approximately 4,100 14-18-year-olds were classified into 1 of 4 groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful) on the basis of the adolescents' ratings of their parents on 2 dimensions: acceptance/involvement and strictness/supervision. The youngsters were then contrasted along 4 sets of outcomes: psychosocial development, school achievement, internalized distress, and problem behavior. Results indicate that adolescents who characterize their parents as authoritative score highest on measures of psychosocial competence and lowest on measures of psychological and behavioral dysfunction; the reverse is true for adolescents who describe their parents as neglectful. Adolescents whose parents are characterized as authoritarian score reasonably well on measures indexing obedience and conformity to the standards of adults but have relatively poorer self-conceptions than other youngsters. In contrast, adolescents from indulgent homes evidence a strong sense of self-confidence but report a higher frequency of substance abuse and school misconduct and are less engaged in school. The results provide support for Maccoby and Martin's framework and indicate the need to distinguish between two types of "permissive" families: those that are indulgent and those that are neglectful.
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            We Know Some Things: Parent-Adolescent Relationships in Retrospect and Prospect

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              Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families.

              In a previous report, we demonstrated that adolescents' adjustment varies as a function of their parents' style (e.g., authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglectful). This 1-year follow-up was conducted in order to examine whether the observed differences are maintained over time. In 1987, an ethnically and socioeconomically heterogeneous sample of approximately 2,300 14-18-year-olds provided information used to classify the adolescents' families into 1 of 4 parenting style groups. That year, and again 1 year later, the students completed a battery of standardized instruments tapping psychosocial development, school achievement, internalized distress, and behavior problems. Differences in adjustment associated with variations in parenting are either maintained or increase over time. However, whereas the benefits of authoritative parenting are largely in the maintenance of previous levels of high adjustment, the deleterious consequences of neglectful parenting continue to accumulate.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                S1132-05592010000300007
                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                adolescence,conduct problems,neighborhood risk,parenting styles,socialization,adolescencia,estilos parentales,socialización,vecindarios de riesgo,problemas de conducta

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