Antibacterial activity of herbal formulation against common oral pathogens

Abstract

The development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is a global challenge for the clinicians, pharmacist and research scientists leading to the development of new medicinal formulations that are effective and easily consumable. The plant yielding essential oil with chief constituent as eugenol has been identified as an important compound with strong inhibition of bacteria, and storage fungi. Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum sanctum is an aromatic shrub occurring in warm tropical regions has been used in traditional medicine in India to cure various ailments in general and as an antimicrobial agent in particular. The aim of this present study is to assess the antimicrobial and cytoxic activity of the formulation against oral pathogens. The formulation of O. gratissimum and O. sanctum plant extract was prepared and filtered. Antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration assessment was determined by broth dilution method and cytotoxicity was assessed by brine shrimp lethality assay. Agar well diffusion method against S. mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, C. albicans, Lactobacillus sp, and S. aureus revealed no zone of inhibition but at 100µL concentration at every time interval, the study formulation showed more bacteriostatic activity than positive control and the standard used. The formulation showed very minimal cytotoxicity. The formulation of O. gratissimum and O. sanctum synergistically showed more antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity and more research has to be done in invivo environment.