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      The First Cathedral on America’s Pacific Coast

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          Abstract

          New research dispels the idea that Panamá Viejo was initially founded one-half mile from the site of its visible present-day ruins. The archaeological and historical evidence, subjected to interdisciplinary analysis, demonstrates that the city remained on the same main plaza next to its natural port from its founding 500 years ago until its destruction in 1671. The data reconsidered and newly uncovered also suggest reasons for previous misinterpretations of the city’s early foundational history. Unlike many colonial cities and towns, Panamá Viejo did not move during its first century of existence. However, its main church, which became the bishopric’s cathedral in 1524, did relocate after 1541. The new evidence establishes and confirms the original location of the first cathedral on America’s Pacific Ocean to the south of Panamá Viejo’s main plaza and explains its move to an elevated, rocky area on the eastern side of the same plaza over 20 years later. Excavations undertaken in 2018 have confirmed the original building’s location a mere 50 m from the visible ruins of the cathedral, the tower of which remains a symbol of Panamanian identity today.

          Resumen

          Las nuevas investigaciones despejan la idea de que Panamá Viejo fue inicialmente fundada a milla y media del sitio en donde ahora son visibles sus ruinas. Las evidencias arqueológicas e históricas, sometidas a un análisis interdisciplinar, demuestran que la ciudad permaneció en el mismo emplazamiento, al lado de su puerto natural, fundada 500 años atrás hasta su destrucción en 1671. La revisión de la información disponible, además de la descubierta recientemente, también sugieren las razones de los errores interpretativos previos en torno a la historia fundacional de la ciudad. A diferencia de numerosas ciudades y pueblos coloniales, Panamá Viejo no fue trasladada durante su primer siglo de existencia. Sin embargo, su iglesia principal, la cual se convirtió en sede catedralicia en 1524, fue reubicada después de 1541. La nueva evidencia confirma la localización original de la primera catedral en el Pacífico americano al sur de la plaza mayor de Panamá Viejo y explica el traslado a un área rocosa más elevada, en el costado este de esta plaza, unos veinte años más tarde. Las excavaciones adelantadas en el 2018 han confirmado su ubicación original a escasos 50 m de las actuales ruinas de la catedral, cuya torre permanece como un símbolo de la identidad panameña hoy.

          Résumé

          Une nouvelle recherche écarte l'idée que la fondation de Panama Viejo soit intervenue originellement à 800 m du site de ses ruines visibles de nos jours. Les preuves historiques et archéologiques, lorsqu'elles sont assujetties à une analyse interdisciplinaire, démontrent que la ville est demeurée sur la même place principale que son port naturel à compter de sa fondation il y a 500 ans jusqu'à sa destruction en 1671. Les données ayant fait l'objet d'un nouvel examen et qui ont été découvertes suggèrent également les motifs à l'appui des interprétations erronées de l'histoire de la fondation initiale de la ville. Contrairement à de nombreuses villes et cités coloniales, Panama Viejo ne s'est pas déplacée au cours du premier siècle de son existence. Cependant, son église principale qui est devenue en 1524 la cathédrale de l'évêché, s'est implantée ailleurs après 1541. Les preuves nouvelles établissent et confirment le site originel de la première cathédrale sur l'Océan pacifique de l'Amérique au sud de la place principale de Panama Viejo et expliquent son déplacement vers une zone élevée, rocheuse sur la partie orientale de la même place plus de 20 ans par la suite. Les fouilles entreprises en 2018 ont confirmé le site de la bâtisse d'origine à seulement 50 m des ruines visibles de la cathédrale, dont la tour demeure un symbole de l'identité panaméenne de nos jours.

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          Funerary taphonomy: An overview of goals and methods

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                jgmartin@uninorte.edu.co
                Journal
                Hist Archaeol
                Hist Archaeol
                Historical Archaeology
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                0440-9213
                2328-1103
                4 January 2021
                4 January 2021
                2021
                : 55
                : 2
                : 219-237
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412188.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0486 8632, Department of History and Social Sciences, , Universidad del Norte, ; Km 5 via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
                [2 ]Estación Científica Coiba AIP, Edificio 205, Oficina 117, Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
                [3 ]GRID grid.412188.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0486 8632, Department of History and Social Sciences, , Universidad del Norte, ; Km 5 via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
                [4 ]GRID grid.15449.3d, ISNI 0000 0001 2200 2355, Department of Geography, History and Philosophy, , Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ; Carretera de Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-5793
                Article
                275
                10.1007/s41636-020-00275-z
                8550748
                34720370
                ef24db29-3ad2-43fb-b62a-b4dda323c96c
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 7 November 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: European Research Council
                Award ID: 648535
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Spain’s Ministry of Economics and Competitivity
                Award ID: HAR2014-52260P
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Original Article
                Custom metadata
                © Society for Historical Archaeology 2021

                panamá viejo,funerary archaeology,foundations,commemoration

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