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      Health locus of control, body image and self-esteem in individuals with intestinal stoma Translated title: Lócus de controle em saúde, imagem corporal e autoestima nos indivíduos com estoma intestinal

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective To evaluate the health locus of control, self-esteem, and body image in patients with an intestinal stoma. Method A descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted at the pole of the ostomates of the city of Pouso Alegre. The study was approved by Research Ethics Committee of Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí. Opinion: 620,459. Patients: 44 patients with an intestinal stoma. Four instruments were used: a questionnaire with demographic and stomatologic data, the Health Locus of Control Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP-EPM, and the Body Investment Scale. Statistics: Chi-square, Pearson, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. p < 0.05 was determined. Results The majority of patients were over 70 years, 16 (36.4%) were female, 30 (68.2%) were married, 31 (70.5%) were retirees, 31 (70.5%) had an income of 1-3 minimum wages, 32 (72.7%) did not practice physical activity, 18 (40.9%) had an incomplete elementary education, and 35 (79.5%) participated in a support or association group. 33 (75%) participants received the stoma because of a neoplasia; and 33 (75%) had a definitive stoma. In 36 (81.8%) participants, the type of stoma used was a colostomy, and 22 (50%) measured 20-40 mm in diameter; 32 (72.7%) participants used a two-piece device. With regard to complications, there were 29 (65.9%) cases of dermatitis. The mean total score for the Health Locus of Control Scale was 62.84; for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, 27.66; and for the Body Investment Scale, 39.48. The mean scores for the dimensions internal, powerful others, and chance of the Health Locus of Control Scale were 22.68, 20.68, and 19.50, respectively. With respect to the Body Investment Scale, for the dimensions body image, body care, and body touch, the mean scores were 11.64, 11.00, and 13.09, respectively. Conclusion In this study, the participants showed changes in self-esteem and body image and also showed negative feelings about their body. Ostomized individuals believe that they themselves control their state of health and do not believe that other persons or entities (physician, nurse, friends, family, god, etc.) can assist them in their improvement or cure and, in addition, believe that their health is controlled by chance, without personal or other people's interference.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o lócus de controle da saúde, autoestima e imagem corporal em portadores de estoma intestinal. Método Estudo descritivo, transversal, analítico; realizado no Polo de ostomizados da cidade de Pouso Alegre, aprovado pelo CEP da Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí. Parecer: 620.459. Casuística: 44 pacientes com estoma intestinal. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos:questionário com dados demográficos e relacionados ao estoma, Escala de Lócus de Controle da Saúde, Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg/UNIFESP-EPM e Body Investment Scale. Estatística: Testes do Qui-quadrado, Pearson, Mann-Whitney e de Kruskal-Wallis. Determinou-se p < 0,05. Resultados A maioria tinha idade acima de 70 anos, 16 (36,4%) eram do gênero feminino, 30 (68,2%) eram casados, 31 (70,5%) aposentados, 31 (70,5%) tinham renda de 1 a 3 salários mínimos, 32 (72,7%) não praticavam atividade física, 18 (40,9%) não completaram o ensino fundamental e 35 (79,5%) participavam de grupo de apoio ou associação. 33 (75%) das causas da confecção do estoma foram por neoplasia e em 33 (75%) o estoma era definitivo. Em 36 (81,8%) o estoma era do tipo colostomia, 22 (50%) mediam de 20 a 40 mm de diâmetro e 32 (72,7%) eram dispositivos duas peças. Com relação às complicações, 29 (65,9%) foram dermatite. A média do escore total da Escala para Locus de Controle da Saúde foi de 62,84; Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, 27,66; e Body Investment Scale, 39,48. Com relação à média do escore total das dimensões da Escala para Locus de Controle da Saúde, constatamos: Internalidade para saúde, 22,68; Externalidade “outros poderosos”, 20,68; e Externalidade para saúde, 19,50. Com relação às dimensões da Body Investment Scale, constatamos: para Imagem corporal, média de 11,64; Cuidado corporal, média de 11,00; e Toque corporal, média de 13,09. Conclusão Os participantes do estudo apresentaram autoestima e imagem corporal alteradas e sentimentos negativos em relação ao corpo. Os ostomizados acreditam que eles próprios controlam o seu estado de saúde e não acreditam que outras pessoas ou entidades (médico, enfermeiro, amigos, familiares, Deus, etc.) possam ajuda-los em sua melhora ou cura e que sua saúde é controlada ao acaso, sem interferência própria ou de outras pessoas.

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          Quality of life and self-esteem of patients with intestinal stoma

          The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life and self-esteem in patients with intestinal stoma. This is a clinical, primary, descriptive, analytical study, conducted at the Ostomized People's Pole of Pouso Alegre, after approval by the Ethics Committee of the Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde Dr. Jose Antonio Garcia Coutinho under opinion No. 23,227. Three instruments - a questionnaire on demographics and stoma, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP-EPM and Flanagan Quality of Life Scale - were used in the data collection. The following tests were used for statistical analysis: chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman correlation. For all statistical tests, the level of significance of 5% (p<0.05) was considered. Most participants were older than 60 years, of male gender and attended support groups. Twenty-one (30%) of respondents were illiterate. Neoplasia was the most frequent of the causes that led patients to receive an ostomy; permanent colostomy was the type of ostomy used. Individuals were not submitted to stoma demarcation and did not make irrigation. Regarding the type of complication, 34 (48.60%) had dermatitis; 14 (20%) showed retraction.The mean of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP-EPM was 10.81 and the mean of Flanagan Quality of Life Scale was 26.16. It was concluded that individuals with intestinal stoma participating in the survey showed impaired self-esteem/quality of life.
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            Escala Multidimensional de Lócus de Controle de Levenson

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              Vivência do paciente estomizado: uma contribuição para a assistência de enfermagem

              O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de conhecer os significados atribuídos a vivência de pacientes estomizados, descrever seus conhecimentos sobre o autocuidado e identificar a importância das orientações de enfermagem para a sua adaptação. Pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 10 sujeitos associados ao programa de acompanhamento ao portador de estomia em um Centro de Referência a Estomizados, em Teresina-PI. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e submetidos à análise de conteúdo, da qual emergiram três categorias que abordaram as mudanças no modo de vida do portador de estomia, o conhecimento do estomizado sobre o autocuidado e a orientação no processo de adaptação do portador de estomia. Concluiu-se que a estomia significa alterações no modo de vida e que a atuação da enfermagem através de atividades educativas é indispensável para o desenvolvimento do autocuidado e adaptação dos estomizados.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jcol
                Journal of Coloproctology (Rio de Janeiro)
                J. Coloproctol. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Coloproctologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                2237-9363
                2317-6423
                September 2017
                : 37
                : 3
                : 216-224
                Affiliations
                [2] Pouso Alegre Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade do Vale do Sapucaí orgdiv1Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC) Brazil
                [3] São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [1] Pouso Alegre Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade do Vale do Sapucaí Brazil
                Article
                S2237-93632017000300216
                10.1016/j.jcol.2017.04.003
                d953e364-acc0-4c06-83dc-c7d6ab98eaf4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 December 2016
                : 10 April 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Self-esteem,Intestinal stoma,Quality of life,Body image,Locus of control,Estoma intestinal,Qualidade de vida,Autoestima,Imagem corporal,Lócus de controle

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