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      Hemangioma in the lower labial vestibule of an eleven-year-old girl: A case report

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND

          Hemangioma is a vascular benign tumour of endothelial origin. It appears commonly in the first decade of life with increases incidence in females. Hemangioma is not common to happen in the oral cavity and it is extremely rare to appear in the labial vestibule.

          CASE SUMMARY

          We present a case of an 11-year-old girl who complained of a painful, slowly growing mass which was consistent with the capillary hemangioma in the left mandibular vestibule. Vascular tumor such as hemangioma in the mandibular vestibule is extremely rare; hence, the clinical definitive diagnosis is very challenging. Therefore, radiographic imaging and histopathologic analysis are crucial to reach to the final diagnosis for proper management.

          CONCLUSION

          Comprehensive clinical evaluation, proper diagnostic imaging and microscopic analysis of the mass establish a precise diagnosis of the hemangioma for better management.

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          Most cited references17

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          Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics.

          J Mulliken, J Glowacki (1982)
          Forty-nine specimens from a variety of vascular lesions were analyzed for cellular characteristics. Two major categories of lesions emerged from this investigation: hemangiomas and vascular malformations. This classification and its implications are justified by several considerations. Hemangiomas in the proliferating phase (n = 14) were distinguished by (1) endothelial hyperplasia with incorporation of [3H]thymidine, (2) multilaminated basement membrane formation beneath the endothelium, and (3) clinical history of rapid growth during early infancy. Hemangiomas in the involuting phase (n = 12) exhibited (1) histologic fibrosis and fat deposition, (2) low to absent [3H]thymidine labeling of endothelial cells, and (3) rapid growth and subsequent regression. The endothelium in hemangiomas had many characteristics of differentiation: Weibel-Palade bodies, alkaline phosphatase, and factor VIII production. Vascular malformations (n = 23) demonstrated no tritiated thymidine incorporation and normal ultrastructural characteristics. These lesions were usually noted at birth, grew proportionately with the child, and consisted of abnormal, often combined, capillary, arterial, venous, and lymphatic vascular elements. This cell-oriented analysis provides a simple yet comprehensive classification of vascular lesions of infancy and childhood and serves as a guide for diagnosis, management, and further research.
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            Hemangioma of skeletal muscle. An analysis of 89 cases.

            Jonathan Allen, Katherine M Enzinger (1971)
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              Pathogenesis of infantile haemangioma.

              Joel Greenberger, J Bischoff (2013)
              Haemangioma is a vascular tumour of infancy that is well known for its rapid growth during the first weeks to months of a child's life, followed by a spontaneous but slow involution. During the proliferative phase, the vessels are disorganized and composed of immature endothelial cells. When the tumour involutes, the vessels mature and enlarge but are reduced in number. Fat, fibroblasts and connective tissue replace the vascular tissue, with few, large, feeding and draining vessels evident. Both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis have been proposed as mechanisms contributing to the neovascularization in haemangioma tumours. In recent years, several of the 'building blocks', the cells comprising the haemangioma, have been isolated. Among them are haemangioma progenitor/stem cells, endothelial cells and pericytes. This review focuses on these cell types, and the molecular pathways within these cells that have been implicated in driving the pathogenesis of infantile haemangioma. © 2013 British Association of Dermatologists.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ashwag Yagoub Aloyouny
                Afrah Jaber Alfaifi
                Shahad Mohammed Aladhyani
                Ahad Ali Alshalan
                Hadeel Mohammed Alfayadh
                Hend Mahmoud Salem
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): World J Clin Cases
                Journal ID (publisher-id): WJCC
                Title: World Journal of Clinical Cases
                Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
                ISSN (Electronic): 2307-8960
                Publication date (Print): 16 February 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 February 2022
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 1617-1622
                Affiliations
                Department of Basic Dental Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia. ayaloyouny@ 123456pnu.edu.sa
                Department of Basic Dental Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
                Oral Medicine Special Care Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
                Department of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
                Department of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
                Department of Basic Dental Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes

                Author contributions: Aloyouny AY contributed to data collection, reviewed the literature, interpreted the data, manuscript drafting and revision; Salem H prepared the specimen in the pathology laboratory and analysed it under the microscope; Alfaifi AJ, Aladhyani SM, Alshalan AA, and Alfayadh HM contributed to data collection, and manuscript drafting.

                Supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Through the Fast-Track Research Funding Program.

                Corresponding author: Ashwag Yagoub Aloyouny, DDS, Doctor, Department of Basic Dental Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, King Khalid International Rd, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia. ayaloyouny@ 123456pnu.edu.sa

                Article
                Other ID: jWJCC.v10.i5.pg1617
                DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i5.1617
                PMC ID: 8855269
                SO-VID: d58f2d6d-5cf3-4fe0-935b-1d8cb01f73c1
                Copyright © ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 31 July 2021
                Date revision received : 30 October 2021
                Date accepted : 31 December 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: capillary hemangioma,vascular malformation,labial vestibule,childhood,case report
                Data availability:
                Keywords: capillary hemangioma, vascular malformation, labial vestibule, childhood, case report

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