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      Estudio transversal de las parasitosis intestinales en poblaciones infantiles de Argentina Translated title: Cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitosis in child populations in Argentina

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          RESUMEN

          Objetivo.

          Determinar la distribución de las enteroparasitosis en niños de nueve provincias representativas del mosaico de ambientes contrastantes de Argentina .

          Métodos.

          Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en niños preescolares (de 5 años o menos) y escolares (de 6 a 14 años) de las provincias de Buenos Aires (muestra tomada entre 2005 y 2013), Chubut (2010-2013), Corrientes (2012), Entre Ríos (2010-2012), Formosa (2014), La Pampa (2006), Mendoza (2008-2011), Misiones (2005-2008 y 2013) y Salta (2012-2013). Se procesaron muestras seriadas, fecales y de escobillado anal, mediante técnicas de concentración. Los resultados se analizaron por sexo, intervalo de edad y provincia. Se calcularon la frecuencia de parasitosis (monoparasitosis y parasitosis múltiple), la riqueza de especies y el coeficiente de similitud de Sørensen .

          Resultados.

          Misiones presentó la mayor frecuencia de niños parasitados y Chubut la menor (82,0% vs. 38,4%; p < 0,01). El número de especies fue mayor en Misiones y Buenos Aires y menor en Chubut y La Pampa. Los varones estuvieron más parasitados que las mujeres solo en Buenos Aires. Las mayores frecuencias se encontraron en los preescolares de Buenos Aires y los escolares de Mendoza y Misiones (p < 0,05). La monoparasitosis fue más frecuente en Chubut (67,9%) y las parasitosis múltiples en Formosa (69,2%). Las especies más frecuentes en la mayoría de las provincias fueron Blastocystis sp. y Enterobius vermicularis. De los geohelmintos, Misiones presentó la mayor frecuencia (23,3%) y Mendoza la menor (0,6%); no se hallaron en Chubut, La Pampa y Salta. Buenos Aires, Formosa y Misiones presentaron una composición de especies similar, al igual que Chubut y La Pampa .

          Conclusiones.

          Las frecuencias de parasitosis en Argentina responden al complejo mosaico de variabilidad climática y socioeconómica del país y revelan una tendencia descendente de norte a sur y de este a oeste .

          ABSTRACT

          Objective.

          Determine the distribution of intestinal parasitosis in children in nine provinces representative of Argentina’s mosaic of contrasting environments.

          Methods.

          Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of preschool children (5 years old or under) and school-age children (6-14 years) in the provinces of Buenos Aires (sample taken between 2005 and 2013), Chubut (2010-2013), Corrientes (2012), Entre Ríos (2010-2012), Formosa (2014), La Pampa (2006), Mendoza (2008-2011), Misiones (2005-2008 and 2013), and Salta (2012-2013). Serial samples, fecal samples, and anal swabs were processed using concentration techniques. The results were analyzed by sex, age interval, and province. Frequency of parasitosis (monoparasitosis and multiple parasitoses), wealth of species, and Sørensen similarity coefficient were calculated.

          Results.

          Misiones presented the highest frequency of parasitized children and Chubut the lowest (82.0% vs 38.4%; p < 0.01). The number of species was greatest in Misiones and Buenos Aires and lowest in Chubut and La Pampa. Men were parasitized more than women only in Buenos Aires. The highest frequencies were found in preschool children in Buenos Aires and schoolchildren in Mendoza and Misiones ( p < 0.05). Monoparasitosis was most frequent in Chubut (67.9%) and multiple parasitosis in Formosa (69.2%). The most frequent species in the majority of provinces were Blastocystis sp. and Enterobius vermicularis. Misiones presented the highest frequency of soil-transmitted helminthes (23.3%) and Mendoza the lowest (0.6%); none were found in Chubut, La Pampa, or Salta. Buenos Aires, Formosa, and Misiones presented a similar species composition, as did Chubut and La Pampa.

          Conclusions.

          The frequency of parasitosis in Argentina corresponds to the country’s complex mosaic of climatic and socioeconomic variability and shows a declining trend from north to south and from east to west.

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          Most cited references52

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          Age patterns in undernutrition and helminth infection in a rural area of Brazil: associations with ascariasis and hookworm.

          To investigate the nutritional status of individuals from a rural area of Brazil, and associations with helminth infections in an age-stratified sample. A total of 1113 individuals aged from 6 months to 83 years from the rural community of Americaninhas in Minas Gerais were investigated. Assessments comprised anthropometric measurements of weight, height and body composition, examining faecal samples for helminth eggs, and peripheral blood assays for albumin, haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. Ten percent of the participants were underweight, 12.8% were overweight and 28.3% of the children and adolescents were stunted. 11.6% had low lean body mass and 28.8% had low fat body mass. Hypoalbuminaemia was seen in 5.5%, anaemia in 12.5% and iron deficiency in 13.1%, although the prevalence of these two indices increased with age. Multivariate analysis showed that, after controlling for age, sex and socio-economic status, stunting was significantly associated with Ascaris lumbricoides infection among children and adolescents, whereas low body mass was significantly associated with hookworm infection among adults and the elderly. Helminth infections are associated with undernutrition in endemic populations, with important differences between the effects of hookworm and A. lumbricoides on age-related nutritional status.
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            Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infection in humans in Italy.

            In order to describe the molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis infection in Italy, 189 isolates, which had been collected during the years 2012-2014 from mildly symptomatic patients, or those affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or chronic diarrhoea, or otherwise immunosuppressed, were subtyped by sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA gene (536 bp). Six subtypes (STs) were detected: ST1 (15·3%), ST2 (13·8%), ST3 (46·0%), ST4 (21·7%), ST6 (3·2%) and ST8 (0·5%). They clustered in distinct clades, as inferred from Bayesian inference phylogenetic and median joining network analyses. A high genetic differentiation was found at the inter-subtype level; it ranged from Jukes-Cantor (JC) distance = 0·02 (between ST1 and ST4) to JC = 0·11 (between ST6 and ST2). At the intra-ST level, a high genetic homogeneity was registered in ST4, whereas higher genetic variation was found in isolates corresponding to ST1 and ST2. Accordingly, high values of haplotype and nucleotide diversity were observed in ST1, ST2 and ST3. No association was found between patient gender and ST, whereas ST3 and ST1 were significantly more prevalent in patients aged 15-50 years. A significant occurrence of Blastocystis ST4 in patients suffering from IBS, IBD or chronic diarrhoea was observed; in addition, a slight significant association between ST1 and ST3 and IBS patients was found. Multiple correspondence analysis showed some significant contribution of different variables (subtypes, haplotypes, age) in the observed pattern of ordination of the 189 patients in the symptom categories.
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              The prevalence, intensities and risk factors associated with geohelminth infection in tea-growing communities of Assam, India.

              To determine the prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors for infection with Ascaris, hookworms and Trichuris in three tea-growing communities in Assam, India. Single faecal samples were collected from 328 individuals and subjected to centrifugal flotation and the Kato Katz quantitation technique and prevalence and intensities of infection with each parasite calculated. Associations between parasite prevalence, intensity and host and environmental factors were then made using both univariate and multivariate analysis. The overall prevalence of Ascaris was 38% [95% confidence interval (CI): 33, 43], and the individual prevalence of hookworm and Trichuris was 43% (95% CI: 38, 49). The strongest predictors for the intensity of one or more geohelminths using multiple regression (P < or = 0.10) were socioeconomic status, age, household crowding, level of education, religion, use of footwear when outdoors, defecation practices, pig ownership and water source. A universal blanket treatment with broad-spectrum anthelmintics together with promotion of scholastic and health education and improvements in sanitation is recommended for helminth control in the communities under study.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Rev. Panam. Salud Publica
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                06 March 2017
                2017
                : 41
                : e24
                Affiliations
                [1 ] normalizedCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores orgnameUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas La Plata Argentina originalCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Argentina.
                [2 ] normalizedInstituto de Genética Veterinaria Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout orgnameFacultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas La Plata Argentina originalInstituto de Genética Veterinaria Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Argentina.
                [3 ] normalizedFacultad de Ciencias Veterinarias orgnameUniversidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata Argentina originalFacultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
                [4 ] normalizedCentro Nacional Patagónico orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Puerto Madryn, Chubut Argentina originalCentro Nacional Patagónico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
                Author notes
                La correspondencia se debe dirigir a Graciela Teresa Navone, correo electrónico: gnavone@ 123456cepave.edu.ar

                Conflictos de intereses: ninguno.

                Article
                RPSP.2017.24
                10.26633/RPSP.2017.24
                6660846
                28614462
                cca725f2-c020-4187-adf7-a4fb9bae0130

                 

                History
                : 09 October 2015
                : 02 February 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 48
                Categories
                Investigación Original

                parasitosis intestinales,niños,argentina,intestinal diseases,parasitic,child

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