Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Gut Health

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Abstract

Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites derived from the shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathway, protecting plants from physical, chemical and biological stress [...]

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Curcumin, Quercetin, Catechins and Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota

Umair Shabbir, Momna Rubab, Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri … (2021)

Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders.

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Chrysin: Perspectives on Contemporary Status and Future Possibilities as Pro-Health Agent

Maciej Machaczka, Agata Bajek-Bil, Monika Stompor-Gorący (2021)

Chrysin belongs to the group of natural polyphenols. It can be found, among others, in honey, propolis and fruits and has a wide range of biological activities, including the prevention of oxidative stress, inflammation, neurodegeneration and carcinogenesis. Being a part of the human diet, chrysin is considered to be a promising compound to be used in the prevention of many diseases, including cancers, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. Nevertheless, due to the low solubility of chrysin in water and under physiological conditions, its bioavailability is low. For this reason, attempts at its functionalization have been undertaken, aiming to increase its absorption and thus augment its in vivo therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent research on chrysin, including its sources, metabolism, pro-health effects and the effects of its functionalization on biological activity and pharmacological efficacy, evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.

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Caffeic Acid Modulates Processes Associated with Intestinal Inflammation

Danuta Zielińska, Henryk Zieliński, José Moisés Laparra-Llopis … (2021)

Caffeic acid is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. This phenolic compound reaches relevant concentrations in the colon (up to 126 µM) where it could come into contact with the intestinal cells and exert its anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this investigation was to study the capacity of caffeic acid, at plausible concentrations from an in vivo point of view, to modulate mechanisms related to intestinal inflammation. Consequently, we tested the effects of caffeic acid (50–10 µM) on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and prostaglandin (PG)E2, cytokines, and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 -MCP-1-, and IL-6) biosynthesis in IL-1β-treated human myofibroblasts of the colon, CCD-18Co. Furthermore, the capacity of caffeic acid to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, to hinder advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, as well as its antioxidant, reducing, and chelating activity were also investigated. Our results showed that (i) caffeic acid targets COX-2 and its product PGE2 as well as the biosynthesis of IL-8 in the IL-1β-treated cells and (ii) inhibits AGE formation, which could be related to (iii) the high chelating activity exerted. Low anti-ACE, antioxidant, and reducing capacity of caffeic acid was also observed. These effects of caffeic acid expands our knowledge on anti-inflammatory mechanisms against intestinal inflammation.

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Contributors

Nadia Calabriso: (View ORCID Profile)

Marika Massaro: (View ORCID Profile)

Egeria Scoditti: (View ORCID Profile)

Maria Annunziata Carluccio: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): NUTRHU

Title: Nutrients

Abbreviated Title: Nutrients

Publisher: MDPI AG

ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6643

Publication date Created: June 2023

Publication date (Electronic): June 06 2023

Volume: 15

Issue: 12

Page: 2650

Article

DOI: 10.3390/nu15122650

SO-VID: c981b035-8219-4b9c-ac7c-49875c44ae48

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Gut Health

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Role of Microbes in Soil Fertility and Human Health

Most cited references 8

Curcumin, Quercetin, Catechins and Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota

Chrysin: Perspectives on Contemporary Status and Future Possibilities as Pro-Health Agent

Caffeic Acid Modulates Processes Associated with Intestinal Inflammation

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