For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
7
views
66
references
 Top references
cited by
1
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      389
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Methods for Testing Repellents Against Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Bed bug repellents should not only prevent humans from being bitten but impede an infestation of personal belongings. Only a few test proposals for evaluating the efficacy of repellents against bed bugs have been published so far. In the present study, two test systems were assessed for efficacy testing with five potential bed bug repellents (cinnamon oil, icaridin, N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), permethrin, and margosa extract). The first test setup was a harborage choice test system that consisted of a crystallizing dish with a treated and an untreated harborage. Sixty minutes and 24 h after treatment, DEET, icaridin, and cinnamon oil showed the highest repellency with a median proportion of at least 99% repelled bed bugs. The second test system was a barrier test. Bed bugs were attracted by CO 2 and heat to cross filter papers treated with the potential repellents. The repellency of substances was significantly lower in comparison to the harborage choice test, except for DEET. The latter showed the highest repellency (97%) against bed bugs 24 h after application compared to controls. Results show that bed bugs are less sensitive to repellents when searching for a bloodmeal than when searching for a shelter.

          Related collections

          Most cited references66

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Repellent activity of essential oils: a review.

          Luz Nerio, Jesus Olivero-Verbél, Elena Stashenko (2010)
          Currently, the use of synthetic chemicals to control insects and arthropods raises several concerns related to environment and human health. An alternative is to use natural products that possess good efficacy and are environmentally friendly. Among those chemicals, essential oils from plants belonging to several species have been extensively tested to assess their repellent properties as a valuable natural resource. The essential oils whose repellent activities have been demonstrated, as well as the importance of the synergistic effects among their components are the main focus of this review. Essential oils are volatile mixtures of hydrocarbons with a diversity of functional groups, and their repellent activity has been linked to the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. However, in some cases, these chemicals can work synergistically, improving their effectiveness. In addition, the use of other natural products in the mixture, such as vanillin, could increase the protection time, potentiating the repellent effect of some essential oils. Among the plant families with promising essential oils used as repellents, Cymbopogon spp., Ocimum spp. and Eucalyptus spp. are the most cited. Individual compounds present in these mixtures with high repellent activity include alpha-pinene, limonene, citronellol, citronellal, camphor and thymol. Finally, although from an economical point of view synthetic chemicals are still more frequently used as repellents than essential oils, these natural products have the potential to provide efficient, and safer repellents for humans and the environment.
          Article 0 comments Cited 236 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Comparative efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito bites.

            Tyler Day, M Fradin (2002)
            The worldwide threat of arthropod-transmitted diseases, with their associated morbidity and mortality, underscores the need for effective insect repellents. Multiple chemical, botanical, and "alternative" repellent products are marketed to consumers. We sought to determine which products available in the United States provide reliable and prolonged complete protection from mosquito bites. We conducted studies involving 15 volunteers to test the relative efficacy of seven botanical insect repellents; four products containing N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, now called N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET); a repellent containing IR3535 (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate); three repellent-impregnated wristbands; and a moisturizer that is commonly claimed to have repellent effects. These products were tested in a controlled laboratory environment in which the species of the mosquitoes, their age, their degree of hunger, the humidity, the temperature, and the light-dark cycle were all kept constant. DEET-based products provided complete protection for the longest duration. Higher concentrations of DEET provided longer-lasting protection. A formulation containing 23.8 percent DEET had a mean complete-protection time of 301.5 minutes. A soybean-oil-based repellent protected against mosquito bites for an average of 94.6 minutes. The IR3535-based repellent protected for an average of 22.9 minutes. All other botanical repellents we tested provided protection for a mean duration of less than 20 minutes. Repellent-impregnated wristbands offered no protection. Currently available non-DEET repellents do not provide protection for durations similar to those of DEET-based repellents and cannot be relied on to provide prolonged protection in environments where mosquito-borne diseases are a substantial threat.
            Article 0 comments Cited 137 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Traumatic insemination and sexual conflict in the bed bug Cimex lectularius.

              Michael Siva-Jothy, A Stutt (2001)
              The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has a unique mode of copulation termed "traumatic" insemination [Carayon, J. (1966) in Monograph of the Cimicidae, ed. Usinger, R. (Entomol. Soc. Am., Philadelphia), pp. 81-167] during which the male pierces the female's abdominal wall with his external genitalia and inseminates into her body cavity [Carayon, J. (1966) in Monograph of the Cimicidae, ed. Usinger, R. (Entomol. Soc. Am., Philadelphia), pp. 81-167]. Under controlled natural conditions, traumatic insemination was frequent and temporally restricted. We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that traumatic insemination results in (i) last-male sperm precedence, (ii) suboptimal remating frequencies for the maintenance of female fertility, and (iii) reduced longevity and reproductive success in females. Experimental females did not receive indirect benefits from multiple mating. We conclude that traumatic insemination is probably a coercive male copulatory strategy that results in a sexual conflict of interests.
              Article 0 comments Cited 89 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Michael Rust: Role: Subject Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Econ Entomol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Econ Entomol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jee
                Title: Journal of Economic Entomology
                Publisher: Oxford University Press (US )
                ISSN (Print): 0022-0493
                ISSN (Electronic): 1938-291X
                Publication date Collection: February 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 January 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 09 January 2021
                Volume: 114
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 265-273
                Affiliations
                German Environment Agency , Berlin, Germany
                Author notes
                Corresponding author, email: a.krueger@ 123456arthroscience.de
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6172-8781
                Article
                Publisher ID: toaa304
                DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa304
                PMC ID: 7871147
                PubMed ID: 33420500
                SO-VID: c6a475ef-4857-4d4e-9ef8-93de9bc46abd
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                Date received : 22 September 2020
                Date: 01 December 2020
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Categories
                Subject: Household and Structural Insects
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/SCI01382

                Keywords: repellents,test system,simulated-use test,cinnamon oil,deet
                Data availability:
                Keywords: repellents, test system, simulated-use test, cinnamon oil, deet

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content389

                See all similar

                Cited by1

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors2,571

                See all reference authors