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      First Presentation of Acute Pseudogout Following Total Knee Replacement

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Infection of a total knee replacement (TKR) is a very serious complication of knee arthroplasty surgery as the repercussions for the patient often include long-term antibiotics, further surgery, revision surgery, and worse outcomes in the long-term including increased morbidity and mortality. As such, the careful assessment of a patient presenting with an acutely inflamed TKR is of paramount importance.

          Case Report:

          We report a case of a patient presenting with the clinical signs and symptoms of an acute infection of their TKR. The patient was ultimately diagnosed as having pseudogout.

          Conclusion:

          This case illustrates that crystal arthropathy must be one of the differential diagnoses for a suspected infection of a TKR, as failure to recognize this may result in unnecessary and detrimental treatment.

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          Most cited references17

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          Risk factors for prosthetic joint infection: case-control study.

          We conducted a matched case-control study to determine risk factors for the development of prosthetic joint infection. Cases were patients with prosthetic hip or knee joint infection. Controls were patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty and did not develop prosthetic joint infection. A multiple logistic regression model indicated that risk factors for prosthetic joint infection were the development of a surgical site infection not involving the prosthesis (odds ratio [OR], 35.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-154.6), a National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System surgical patient risk index score of 1 (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3) or 2 (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.0-7.5), the presence of a malignancy (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.2), and a history of joint arthroplasty (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-3.0). Our findings suggest that a surgical site infection not involving the joint prosthesis, an NNIS System surgical patient risk index score of 1 or 2, the presence of a malignancy, and a history of a joint arthroplasty are associated with an increased risk of prosthetic joint infection.
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            Risk factors for pseudogout in the general population.

            Objective. To evaluate the association between the purported risk factors for chondrocalcinosis and gout and the risk of pseudogout in the general population. Methods. We conducted a case-control study nested within a UK general practice database (The Health Improvement Network) by identifying incident cases of pseudogout between 1986 and 2007 and up to 10 control subjects matched to each case, based on age, sex and follow-up time. We evaluated the purported risk factors for chondrocalcinosis (i.e. OA, RA, hyperparathyroidism and diuretics) and established risk factors for gout (as comparison exposures) using conditional logistic regression analysis. Results. We identified 795 cases of pseudogout and 7770 matched control subjects. The risk of pseudogout was associated with hyperparathyroidism [odds ratio (OR) 4.87; 95% CI 2.10, 11.3], OA (OR 2.91; 95% CI 2.48, 3.43) and loop diuretic use (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09, 1.67). RA, thiazide diuretic use, BMI and other gout risk factors were not associated with the risk of pseudogout, except for chronic renal failure (OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.30, 4.01). Conclusion. This general population study based on physician-recorded pseudogout suggests that most of the previously observed associations with chondrocalcinosis are replicable with the risk of pseudogout, but there are notable differences, such as thiazide diuretics, RA and chronic renal failure, highlighting the need to study the clinical outcome, pseudogout. Avoiding loop diuretics may help individuals with recurrent pseudogout.
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              Acute crystal arthritis mimicking infection after total knee arthroplasty.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Orthop Case Rep
                J Orthop Case Rep
                Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
                Indian Orthopaedic Research Group (India )
                2250-0685
                2321-3817
                Jul-Aug 2018
                : 8
                : 4
                : 32-34
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Southport & Ormskirk NHS Trust, Southport, England
                Author notes
                Address of Correspondence: Dr. Miltiadis Argyropoulos, Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust, Southport and Formby District General Hospital, Town Lane, Kew, Southport, Merseyside, PR8 6PN. E-mail: miltos.argyropoulos@ 123456googlemail.com
                Article
                JOCR-8-32
                10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.1146
                6343566
                befd5338-f1fb-4f80-a7c8-f21e6b470703
                Copyright: © Indian Orthopaedic Research Group

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Case Report

                arthroplasty,pseudogout,total knee replacement,unicompartmental knee replacement

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