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      Ecophysiology of coconut palm under water stress Translated title: Ecofisiologia do coqueiro sob deficiência hídrica

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          Abstract

          Coconut palm is of great social and economic importance for millions of people in the tropics and subtropics. Drought is one of the main environmental factors that limit coconut productivity. In this review, physiological and morphological data are presented in an integrated perspective to provide a holistic view of the behavior of coconut trees facing water deficit under both field and controlled conditions. Great capacity to produce homorhizic roots capable of searching continuously for water and nutrients and high protoplasmic tolerance in leaves allows the coconut tree to endure water deficit. High membrane stability, osmoprotection, osmoregulation and enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes are characteristics often found in leaves of drought-stressed coconut trees. Information on leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential, water-use efficiency and stomatal behavior was compiled highlighting the differences among cultivars and hybrids under water stress. Genotypic differences in physiological and morphological traits can largely explain the agronomic performance of field-grown coconut trees under drought conditions.

          Translated abstract

          O coqueiro apresenta grande importância econômica e social para milhões de pessoas nos trópicos e subtrópicos. A seca é um dos fatores ambientes que mais limitam a produtividade do coqueiro. Nessa revisão, apresentam-se dados fisiológicos e morfológicos sob uma perspectiva integrada, de modo a ter-se uma visão holística acerca do comportamento do coqueiro frente à deficiência hídrica em campo e em condições controladas. A elevada capacidade de produzir raízes homorrízicas, a capacidade dessas raízes em prospectar continuamente água e nutrientes e a elevada tolerância protoplasmática nas folhas permitem ao coqueiro superar o déficit hídrico. Elevada estabilidade das membranas, osmoproteção, osmoregulação, e aumento da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes são características usualmente observadas nas folhas do coqueiro sob déficit hídrico. Informações sobre as trocas gasosas foliares, potencial hídrico foliar, eficiência do uso da água e o comportamento estomático foram compiladas, destacando-se as diferenças entre cultivares e híbridos sob estresse hídrico. As diferentes características morfofisiológicas de genótipos de coqueiro geralmente guardam correspondência com as observações agronômicas em campo.

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          Most cited references93

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          Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: An integrated view from breeding to genomics

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            Regulatory metabolic networks in drought stress responses.

            Plants must adapt to drought stress to survive. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is produced under drought stress conditions and is essential for the response to drought stress. The ABA level plays an important role in the response, and several enzymes for ABA biosynthesis and catabolism have been identified. Physiological studies have shown that several metabolites accumulate and function as osmolytes under drought stress conditions. Many drought-inducible genes with various functions have been identified, and transgenic plants that harbor these genes have shown increased tolerance to drought.
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              Stomatal, mesophyll conductance and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis as affected by drought and leaf ontogeny in ash and oak trees

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjpp
                Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology
                Braz. J. Plant Physiol.
                Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology (Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil )
                1677-9452
                December 2007
                : 19
                : 4
                : 377-391
                Affiliations
                [01] Ilhéus BA orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz orgdiv1Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Brasil
                [02] São Carlos SP orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Carlos orgdiv1Departamento de Botânica Brasil
                Article
                S1677-04202007000400008 S1677-0420(07)01900408
                10.1590/S1677-04202007000400008
                be495085-45a2-42ad-a4a9-6a40c2f7e5c5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 December 2007
                : 01 November 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 102, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Review

                leaf water relations,leaf gas exchange,desiccation tolerance,Cocus nucifera,trocas gasosas foliares,tolerância à dessecação,relações hídricas,potencial hídrico,potencial osmótico,fotossíntese líquida,eficiênca do uso da água,water-use efficiency,water potential,osmotic potential,net photosynthesis

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