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      PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF DWARF COCONUT PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT IN SALT-AFFECTED SOILS Translated title: RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS DE PLANTAS DE COQUEIRO ANÃO SOB DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA, EM SOLOS AFETADOS POR SAIS

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological acclimation responses of young plants of the dwarf coconut cultivar Jiqui Green‘ associated with tolerance to conditions of multiple abiotic stresses (drought and soil salinity), acting either independently or in combination. The study was conducted under controlled conditions and evaluated the following parameters: leaf gas exchange, quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and relative contents of total chlorophyll (SPAD index). The experiment was conducted under a randomized block experimental design, in a split plot arrangement. In the plots, plants were exposed to different levels of water stress, by imposing potential crop evapotranspiration replacement levels equivalent to 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%, whereas in subplots, plants were exposed to different levels of soil salinity (1.72, 6.25, 25.80, and 40.70 dS m-1). Physiological mechanisms were effectively limited when water deficit and salinity acted separately and/or together. Compared with soil salinity, water stress was more effective in reducing the measured physiological parameters. The magnitudes of the responses of plants to water supply and salinity depended on the intensity of stress and evaluation period. The physiological acclimation responses of plants were mainly related to stomatal regulation. The coconut tree has a number of physiological adjustment mechanisms that give the species partial tolerance to drought stress and/or salt, thereby enabling it to revegetate salinated areas, provided that its water requirements are at least partially met.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, caracterizar as repostas fisiológicas aclimatativas de plantas jovens de coqueiro Anão, cultivar ―Verde do Jiqui‖, associadas com a sua tolerância às condições de múltiplos estresses abióticos (deficiência hídrica e salinidade do solo), atuando isolados e/ou combinados. O estudo foi realizado sob condições controladas e avaliaram-se: as trocas gasosas foliares, o rendimento quântico da fluorescência da clorofila a e os teores relativos de clorofila total (índice Spad). O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados, no arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas por diferentes níveis de deficiência hídrica, mediante a imposição de cinco distintos percentuais de reposição das perdas de água por evapotranspiração potencial da cultura (100; 80; 60; 40 e 20%) e as subparcelas constituídas pelos crescentes níveis de salinidade do solo (1,72; 6,25; 25,80 e 40,70 dS m-1). Os mecanismos fisiológicos são efetivamente limitados quando a deficiência hídrica e a salinidade atuam isoladamente e/ou em conjunto. Os efeitos do estresse hídrico se mostram mais efetivos nos comprometimentos dos parâmetros fisiológicos, em detrimento à salinidade do solo. As magnitudes das respostas das plantas ao suprimento hídrico e à salinidade dependem das intensidades dos estresses e das épocas de avaliação. As respostas fisiológicas aclimatativas das plantas estão relacionadas, principalmente, à regulação estomática. O coqueiro apresenta uma série de mecanismos de ajustes fisiológicos que conferem à espécie uma parcial tolerância ao estresse hídrico e/ou salino, tornando-a capaz de revegetar áreas salinizadas, desde que as necessidades hídricas sejam ao menos parcialmente atendidas.

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          Most cited references27

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          Osmotic adjustment, proline accumulation and cell membrane stability in leaves of Cocos nucifera submitted to drought stress

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            Low stomatal density and reduced transpiration facilitate strawberry adaptation to salinity

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              Effects of drought and salt stresses on growth, stomatal conductance, leaf water and osmotic potentials of melon genotypes (Cucumis melo L.)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcaat
                Revista Caatinga
                Rev. Caatinga
                Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Mossoró, RN, Brazil )
                0100-316X
                1983-2125
                June 2017
                : 30
                : 2
                : 447-457
                Affiliations
                [2] Iguatu Ceará orgnameInstituto Federal de Educação Ciências e Tecnologia do Ceará orgdiv1Department of Education Brazil alexandre_reuber@ 123456hotmail.com
                [3] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Department of Agricultural Engineering Brazil mbezerraufc.br, cfeitosaufc.br, sousaibiapina@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [4] Fortaleza Distrito Federal orgnameEmbrapa orgdiv2National Center for Tropical Agroindustry Research Brazil marlos.bezerra@ 123456embrapa.br
                Article
                S1983-21252017000200447
                10.1590/1983-21252017v30n220rc
                95624de2-6e06-4064-bd04-36b708c61c73

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 April 2016
                : 18 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Cocos nucifera L.,Estresses hídrico e salino,Fisiologia.,Water and salt stress,Physiology.

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