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      Relación entre el modelo híbrido de las funciones ejecutivas y el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad Translated title: Relationship between the hybrid model of executive functions and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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          Abstract

          Las funciones ejecutivas engloban distintas habilidades mentales que permiten el funcionamiento metacognitivo y la regulación comportamental consciente. Cuando estos componentes se encuentran afectados, se presentan dificultades en el desempeno social, escolar, personal y familiar. Uno de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo que tiene mayor relación a afectación ejecutiva es el Tdah. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión sobre la relación existente entre el modelo híbrido de las funciones ejecutivas y el tdah, para lo cual se partirá de la conceptualización de las funciones ejecutivas, la descripción de los principales modelos teóricos de esta función cognitiva y la exposición de las principales alteraciones de las funciones ejecutivas reportadas en ninos con tdah. Se concluye que el tdah es un cuadro complejo en el cual el estudio de las funciones ejecutivas, como el control inhibitorio, permiten avanzar en la comprensión de la causalidad de este trastorno del neurodesarrollo.

          Translated abstract

          The executive functions encompasses some mental skills that permit the metacognitive and behavioral regulation. When these cognitive components are affected. they produce some difficulties in social, academic, personal and family parameters. One of the neurodevelopmental disorders with major relation with executive function damages is the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper there is a conceptual review of executive function, theoretical models, its disorders, clinical perspective of ADHD and analysis of hybrid model of executive function in the ADHD. In this paper a review of the relationship between the hybrid model of executive functions and ADHD is presented, for which it will be based on the conceptualization of executive functions, a description of the main theoretical models of this cognitive function and exposure of main alterations of executive functions in children with ADHD reported. In conclusion ADHD is a complex disorder in which the study of executive function Inhibitory Control lets understand the causality of this neurodevelopmental disorder.

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          Most cited references110

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          Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

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            Confirmatory factor analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in a clinical sample.

            Evidence for the validity of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia, Isquith, Guy, & Kenworthy, 2000) based on internal structure was examined in a sample of children with mixed clinical diagnoses via maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Four alternative factor models of children's executive function, based on current theories that posit a unidimensional versus fractionated model (Rabbitt, 1997; Shallice & Burgess, 1991), using the revised 9-scale BRIEF configuration that separates two components of the Monitor scale, were examined for model fit. A 3-factor structure best modeled the data when compared directly with 1-, 2-, and 4-factor models. The 3-factor model was defined by a Behavior Regulation factor consisting of the BRIEF Inhibit and Self-Monitor scales, an Emotional Regulation factor consisting of the Emotional Control and Shift scales, and a Metacognition factor composed of the Working Memory, Initiate, Plan/Organize, Organization of Materials, and Task-Monitor scales. The findings support a fractionated, multi-component view of executive function as measured by the BRIEF.
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              Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis, lifespan, comorbidities, and neurobiology.

              In this report, we provide an evidence-based overview of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including diagnosis, prevalence, developmental expression of symptoms, persistence, the heterogeneity of functional outcome, impairment in afflicted adults, psychiatric comorbidity, pathophysiology, genetics, psychosocial and biologic risk factors, and neurobiology. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is an early-onset, highly prevalent neurobehavioral disorder, with genetic, environmental, and biologic etiologies, that persists into adolescence and adulthood in a sizable majority of afflicted children of both sexes. It is characterized by behavioral symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity across the life cycle and is associated with considerable morbidity and disability. Comorbidity is a distinct clinical feature of both childhood and adult ADHD. Although its etiology remains unclear, emerging evidence documents its strong neurobiologic and genetic underpinnings. Despite the high diagnostic reliability and the robust evidence of the validity of ADHD, there are many underlying issues that remain to be resolved. These include establishing developmentally appropriate diagnostic criteria at older ages, further elaborating the impact of gender on symptom expression, and examining risk and protective factors in relationship to prevention or amelioration of ADHD as well as related functional impairments.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pdc
                Psicología desde el Caribe
                Psicol. Caribe
                Universidad del Norte (Barranquilla, , Colombia )
                0123-417X
                August 2015
                : 32
                : 2
                : 299-314
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Programa de Doctorado
                Article
                S0123-417X2015000200008 S0123-417X(15)03200208
                bcf90c98-ce95-44e9-a039-a66cf40b486f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 13 January 2014
                : 05 November 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 73, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos de investigación

                trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad,tdah,neuropsicología,ADHD,Neuropsychology,funciones ejecutivas,attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder,Executive functions

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