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      ACVIM consensus update on Lyme borreliosis in dogs and cats

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          Abstract

          An update of the 2006 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Small Animal Consensus Statement on Lyme Disease in Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention was presented at the 2016 ACVIM Forum in Denver, CO, followed by panel and audience discussion and a drafted consensus statement distributed online to diplomates for comment. The updated consensus statement is presented below. The consensus statement aims to provide guidance on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme borreliosis in dogs and cats.

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          Lyme borreliosis.

          Gerold Stanek, Gary Wormser, Jeremy Gray … (2012)
          Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease) is caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex, which are transmitted by ticks. The most common clinical manifestation is erythema migrans, which eventually resolves, even without antibiotic treatment. However, the infecting pathogen can spread to other tissues and organs, causing more severe manifestations that can involve a patient's skin, nervous system, joints, or heart. The incidence of this disease is increasing in many countries. Laboratory evidence of infection, mainly serology, is essential for diagnosis, except in the case of typical erythema migrans. Diagnosed cases are usually treated with antibiotics for 2-4 weeks and most patients make an uneventful recovery. No convincing evidence exists to support the use of antibiotics for longer than 4 weeks, or for the persistence of spirochaetes in adequately treated patients. Prevention is mainly accomplished by protecting against tick bites. There is no vaccine available for human beings. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes.

            Justin D. Radolf, Melissa J. Caimano, Brian Stevenson … (2012)
            In little more than 30 years, Lyme disease, which is caused by the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi, has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health problem and a prototype of an emerging infection. During this period, there has been an extraordinary accumulation of knowledge on the phylogenetic diversity, molecular biology, genetics and host interactions of B. burgdorferi. In this Review, we integrate this large body of information into a cohesive picture of the molecular and cellular events that transpire as Lyme disease spirochaetes transit between their arthropod and vertebrate hosts during the enzootic cycle.
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              Epidemiology of Lyme disease.

              Paul S. Mead (2015)
              Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne illness in North America and Europe. The etiologic agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is transmitted to humans by certain species of Ixodes ticks, which are found widely in temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere. Clinical features are diverse, but death is rare. The risk of human infection is determined by the geographic distribution of vector tick species, ecologic factors that influence tick infection rates, and human behaviors that promote tick bite. Rates of infection are highest among children 5 to 15 years old and adults older than 50 years.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Meryl P. Littman:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-2530
                merylitt@vet.upenn.edu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Intern Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Vet. Intern. Med
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1939-1676
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JVIM
                Title: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 0891-6640
                ISSN (Electronic): 1939-1676
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 March 2018
                Publication date (Print): May-Jun 2018
                Volume: 32
                Issue: 3 ( doiID: 10.1111/jvim.2018.32.issue-3 )
                Pages: 887-903
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Clinical Studies‐Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
                [ 2 ] The Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Switzerland
                [ 3 ] The Animal Medical Center New York NY
                [ 4 ] Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University North Grafton Massachusetts
                [ 5 ] Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
                [ 6 ] Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence Meryl P. Littman, Department of Clinical Studies‐Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104‐6010. Email: merylitt@ 123456vet.upenn.edu
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-2530
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-2191
                Article
                Publisher ID: JVIM15085
                DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15085
                PMC ID: 5980284
                PubMed ID: 29566442
                SO-VID: b18a1944-4c8d-4baa-8810-19ed3fd884a1
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                Date received : 17 January 2018
                Date revision received : 26 January 2018
                Date accepted : 30 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 8, Pages: 17, Words: 14087
                Categories
                Subject: Consensus Statement
                Subject: CONSENSUS STATEMENTS
                Subject: Infectious Disease
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                component-id jvim15085
                cover-date May/June 2018
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:version=5.4.0 mode:remove_FC converted:31.05.2018

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
                Keywords: borrelia,coinfection,c6,glomerulonephritis,osp,tickborne
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
                Keywords: borrelia, coinfection, c6, glomerulonephritis, osp, tickborne

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