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      As desigualdades escolares antes e depois da escola: organização escolar e influência dos diplomas Translated title: Upstream and downstream school inequalities: School organization and diplomas influence

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          Abstract

          A escola reproduz as desigualdades sociais por ser mais favorável aos alunos social e culturalmente privilegiados. No entanto, essa "lei" é demasiado geral para explicar as grandes variações na amplitude dessa reprodução, reveladas pelas comparações internacionais. Partindo desses estudos, o artigo mostra, em primeiro lugar, que essas variações não se explicam diretamente pela amplitude das desigualdades sociais. Para explicá-las é preciso levantar duas outras questões. A primeira tange à organização dos sistemas escolares, os quais podem aumentar ou atenuar o impacto das desigualdades sociais sobre as desigualdades escolares. A segunda se refere aos impactos da escola, à influência dos diplomas para a mobilidade social. O artigo demonstra que, quanto mais determinante for o papel dos diplomas, mais marcadas serão as desigualdades escolares e mais rígida será a reprodução das desigualdades sociais. Finalmente, a função atribuída à escola pelas diversas sociedades determinará a amplitude da reprodução social. Contudo, essa análise foi realizada a partir de uma amostra de países, logo a realização de estudos qualitativos complementares seria muito útil para melhor compreender como ocorre a reprodução social.

          Translated abstract

          School reproduces social inequalities everywhere as it is more favorable to already advantaged pupils. This is, however, a too general "law" for explaining the large variations revealed by international comparisons in the amplitude of this reproduction. Relying upon these studies, this paper shows first that these variations cannot be explained directly by the amplitude of social inequalities. In order to explain them, two other factors must be raised. The first one concerns the organization of the school systems, which may either widen or mitigate the impact of pupils' social background on their academic achievement. The second one concerns the influence of diplomas on access to various social positions. The paper shows that the more diplomas play a deciding role, the more pronounced are school inequalities and the more acute is the reproduction of social inequalities. Finally, it is not only what is produced in school and through its operation that determines the amplitude of the reproduction, but the own role attributed to school by the various societies. This study achieved on a sample of countries stands at an aggregate level, and some qualitative complementary studies would be very useful for better understand how social reproduction operates.

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          Most cited references43

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          Persistent Inequality in Educational Attainment and its Institutional Context

          F. Pfeffer (2008)
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            Education, Equality and Social Cohesion

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              The myth of education-based meritocracy

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                soc
                Sociologias
                Sociologias
                Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia - UFRGS (Porto Alegre )
                1807-0337
                April 2012
                : 14
                : 29
                : 22-70
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Université de Bordeaux 2 França
                [2 ] Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris França
                [3 ] Université de Bordeaux 2 França
                Article
                S1517-45222012000100003
                10.1590/S1517-45222012000100003
                a9a2a88c-23c3-4c30-8793-20d565f487fe

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1517-4522&lng=en
                Categories
                SOCIOLOGY

                Sociology
                school inequalities,social inequalities,educational system,social reproduction,diplomas,international comparison,desigualdades escolares,desigualdades sociais,sistema educativo,reprodução social,comparação internacional

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