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      Procrastination and risky health behaviors: a possible way to nurture health promotion among young adults in Italy

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          Abstract

          Background

          The study’s main objectives were to evaluate the distribution of levels of procrastination and its relationship with sleep quality, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and skipping breakfast, as a proxy measure of an unhealthy dietary pattern, among Italian university students.

          Methods

          A cross-sectional study was conducted at the “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro in the Southern part of Italy, using stratified random sampling techniques. Eligible students were sent an anonymous online survey aimed at assessing sociodemographic characteristics, procrastination levels using the Pure Procrastination Scale, sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, smoking status, alcohol consumption using WHO’s Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool, and breakfast habits.

          Results

          The study included 518 participants with a mean age of 23 year. More than half of the sample was enrolled in medicine or life science majors and the procrastination mean score was 15 (±5.9 SD). Being procrastinators was significantly more frequently among students who were poor sleepers, hazardous alcohol consumers and breakfast skippers. When analyzing the clustering of risky behaviors, it was found that as the number of risky behaviors increased, the procrastination score exhibited an exponential increase.

          Conclusion

          The study findings showed that university students who engage in procrastination tend to adopt risky health behaviors. The data gathered could be useful to derive targeted interventions aimed at groups more exposed to harmful health behaviors and to encourage institutional policies to promote healthy lifestyles within universities. Universities can act as hubs for cultivating a culture of well-being and promoting a healthy environment.

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          Most cited references41

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          The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure.

          Piers Steel (2007)
          Procrastination is a prevalent and pernicious form of self-regulatory failure that is not entirely understood. Hence, the relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical work is reviewed, drawing upon correlational, experimental, and qualitative findings. A meta-analysis of procrastination's possible causes and effects, based on 691 correlations, reveals that neuroticism, rebelliousness, and sensation seeking show only a weak connection. Strong and consistent predictors of procrastination were task aversiveness, task delay, self-efficacy, and impulsiveness, as well as conscientiousness and its facets of self-control, distractibility, organization, and achievement motivation. These effects prove consistent with temporal motivation theory, an integrative hybrid of expectancy theory and hyperbolic discounting. Continued research into procrastination should not be delayed, especially because its prevalence appears to be growing. (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved.
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            At last, my research article on procrastination

            Clarry Lay (1986)
            Article 0 comments Cited 240 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Longitudinal Study of Procrastination, Performance, Stress, and Health: The Costs and Benefits of Dawdling

              D. Tice, R F Baumeister (1997)
              Article 0 comments Cited 172 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Francesca Licata: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1573092/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Emma Antonia Citrino: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2278245/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Riccardo Maruca: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Gianfranco Di Gennaro: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1549220/overviewRole: Role:
                Aida Bianco: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1587682/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Public Health
                Title: Frontiers in Public Health
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-2565
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 August 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1432763
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" , Catanzaro, Italy
                [2] 2Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" , Catanzaro, Italy
                Author notes

                Edited by: Allen C. Meadors, Independent Researcher, Seven Lakes, United States

                Reviewed by: Timothy Lynn Taylor, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, United States

                Jeff Bolles, Francis Marion University, United States

                *Correspondence: Aida Bianco, a.bianco@ 123456unicz.it

                †ORCID: Aida Bianco, orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-0306

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1432763
                PMC ID: 11374597
                PubMed ID: 39238538
                SO-VID: a980f239-353b-4307-b3ab-c066751d8ac0
                Copyright © Copyright © 2024 Licata, Citrino, Maruca, Di Gennaro and Bianco.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 14 May 2024
                Date accepted : 05 August 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 8, Words: 6001
                Funding
                The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
                Categories
                Subject: Public Health
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                section-at-acceptance Public Health Education and Promotion

                Keywords: health promotion,italy,procrastination,risky behaviors,university students
                Data availability:
                Keywords: health promotion, italy, procrastination, risky behaviors, university students

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