There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Since the patient's skin is a major source of pathogens that cause surgical-site infection, optimization of preoperative skin antisepsis may decrease postoperative infections. We hypothesized that preoperative skin cleansing with chlorhexidine-alcohol is more protective against infection than is povidone-iodine. We randomly assigned adults undergoing clean-contaminated surgery in six hospitals to preoperative skin preparation with either chlorhexidine-alcohol scrub or povidone-iodine scrub and paint. The primary outcome was any surgical-site infection within 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included individual types of surgical-site infections. A total of 849 subjects (409 in the chlorhexidine-alcohol group and 440 in the povidone-iodine group) qualified for the intention-to-treat analysis. The overall rate of surgical-site infection was significantly lower in the chlorhexidine-alcohol group than in the povidone-iodine group (9.5% vs. 16.1%; P=0.004; relative risk, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.85). Chlorhexidine-alcohol was significantly more protective than povidone-iodine against both superficial incisional infections (4.2% vs. 8.6%, P=0.008) and deep incisional infections (1% vs. 3%, P=0.05) but not against organ-space infections (4.4% vs. 4.5%). Similar results were observed in the per-protocol analysis of the 813 patients who remained in the study during the 30-day follow-up period. Adverse events were similar in the two study groups. Preoperative cleansing of the patient's skin with chlorhexidine-alcohol is superior to cleansing with povidone-iodine for preventing surgical-site infection after clean-contaminated surgery. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00290290.) 2010 Massachusetts Medical Society

Related collections

Most cited references 18

Record: found
Abstract: not found
Article: not found

Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee.

Alicia Mangram, Teresa Horan, Michele L. Pearson … (1999)

0 comments Cited 554 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Supplemental perioperative oxygen to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection.

R Greif, Anja Horn, … (2000)

Destruction by oxidation, or oxidative killing, is the most important defense against surgical pathogens and depends on the partial pressure of oxygen in contaminated tissue. An easy method of improving oxygen tension in adequately perfused tissue is to increase the concentration of inspired oxygen. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the supplemental administration of oxygen during the perioperative period decreases the incidence of wound infection. We randomly assigned 500 patients undergoing colorectal resection to receive 30 percent or 80 percent inspired oxygen during the operation and for two hours afterward. Anesthetic treatment was standardized, and all patients received prophylactic antibiotic therapy. With use of a double-blind protocol, wounds were evaluated daily until the patient was discharged and then at a clinic visit two weeks after surgery. We considered wounds with culture-positive pus to be infected. The timing of suture removal and the date of discharge were determined by the surgeon, who did not know the patient's treatment-group assignment. Arterial oxygen saturation was normal in both groups; however, the arterial and subcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen was significantly higher in the patients given 80 percent oxygen than in those given 30 percent oxygen. Among the 250 patients who received 80 percent oxygen, 13 (5.2 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 8.0 percent) had surgical-wound infections, as compared with 28 of the 250 patients given 30 percent oxygen (11.2 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 7.3 to 15.1 percent; P=0.01). The absolute difference between groups was 6.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 10.8 percent). The duration of hospitalization was similar in the two groups. The perioperative administration of supplemental oxygen is a practical method of reducing the incidence of surgical-wound infections.

0 comments Cited 141 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Wound infection after elective colorectal resection.

Robert Smith, Jamie K Bohl, Shannon McElearney … (2004)

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a potentially morbid and costly complication following major colorectal resection. In recent years, there has been growing attention placed on the accurate identification and monitoring of such surgical complications and their costs, measured in terms of increased morbidity to patients and increased financial costs to society. We hypothesize that incisional SSIs following elective colorectal resection are more frequent than is generally reported in the literature, that they can be predicated by measurable perioperative factors, and that they carry substantial morbidity and cost. Over a 2-year period at a university hospital, data on all elective colorectal resections performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively collected. The outcome of interest was a diagnosis of incisional SSI as defined by the Center of Disease Control and Prevention. Variables associated with infection, as identified in the literature or by experts, were collected and analyzed for their association with incisional SSI development in this patient cohort. Multivariate analysis by stepwise logistic regression was then performed on those variables associated with incisional SSI by univariate analysis to determine their prognostic significance. The incidence of SSI in this study was compared with the rates of incisional SSI in this patient population reported in the literature, predicted by a nationally based system monitoring nosocomial infection, and described in a prospectively acquired intradepartmental surgical infection data base at our institution. One hundred seventy-six patients undergoing elective colorectal resection were identified for evaluation. The mean patient age was 62 +/- 1.2 years, and 54% were men. Preoperative diagnoses included colorectal cancer (57%), inflammatory bowel disease (20%), diverticulitis (10%), and benign polyp disease (5%). SSIs were identified in 45 patients (26%). Twenty-two (49%) SSIs were detected in the outpatient setting following discharge. Of all preoperative and perioperative variables measured, increasing patient body mass index and intraoperative hypotension independently predicted incisional SSI. Although we could not measure statistically increased length of hospital stay associated with SSI, a representative population of patients with SSI accumulated a mean of $6200/patient of home health expenses related to wound care. Our rates of SSI were substantially higher than that reported generally in the literature, predicted by the National Nosocomial Infection System, or described by our own institutional surgical infection data base. The incidence of incisional SSI in patients undergoing elective colorectal resection in our cohort was substantially higher than generally reported in the literature, the NNIS or predicted by an institutional surgical infection complication registry. Although some of these differences may be attributable to patient population differences, we believe these discrepancies highlight the potential limitations of systematic outcomes measurement tools which are independent of the primary clinical care team. Accurate surgical complication documentation by the primary clinical team is critical to identify the true frequency and etiology of surgical complications such as incisional SSI, to rationally approach their reduction and decrease their associated costs to patients and the health care system.

0 comments Cited 110 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

PubMed ID:: 20054046

DOI:: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810988

ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: 2-Propanol,adverse effects,therapeutic use,Adult,Analysis of Variance,Anti-Infective Agents, Local,Antisepsis,methods,Chlorhexidine,analogs & derivatives,Cross Infection,prevention & control,Drug Combinations,Female,Humans,Kaplan-Meier Estimate,Logistic Models,Male,Middle Aged,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Povidone-Iodine,Risk Factors,Skin,microbiology,Surgical Wound Infection,epidemiology

Chlorhexidine-Alcohol versus Povidone-Iodine for Surgical-Site Antisepsis.

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Methods by AKJournals

Most cited references 18

Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee.

Supplemental perioperative oxygen to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection.

Wound infection after elective colorectal resection.

Author and article information

Journal

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 703

Cited by 237

Most referenced authors 386