Independent component analysis for internet gaming disorder

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Abstract

Introduction: There is a growing interest in the study of the neurobiological correlates of internet gaming disorder (IGD), and new techniques are beginning to be implemented for this purpose, such as independent component analysis (ICA).

Aims: The present narrative review aimed to explore the studies that had used ICA for the study of the different brain networks possibly associated with IGD.

Methods: We specifically focussed on three of the main networks: default-mode network, executive-control and salience networks.

Results: Most studies have identified alterations in these three brain networks in individuals with IGD, which may be involved in the development and maintenance of this disorder.

Conclusion: More studies are needed to deepen an understanding of the specific role of each in the symptomatology and treatment of IGD.

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Most cited references 50

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Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function.

Vinod Menon, Lucina Q. Uddin (2010)

The insula is a brain structure implicated in disparate cognitive, affective, and regulatory functions, including interoceptive awareness, emotional responses, and empathic processes. While classically considered a limbic region, recent evidence from network analysis suggests a critical role for the insula, particularly the anterior division, in high-level cognitive control and attentional processes. The crucial insight and view we present here is of the anterior insula as an integral hub in mediating dynamic interactions between other large-scale brain networks involved in externally oriented attention and internally oriented or self-related cognition. The model we present postulates that the insula is sensitive to salient events, and that its core function is to mark such events for additional processing and initiate appropriate control signals. The anterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex form a "salience network" that functions to segregate the most relevant among internal and extrapersonal stimuli in order to guide behavior. Within the framework of our network model, the disparate functions ascribed to the insula can be conceptualized by a few basic mechanisms: (1) bottom-up detection of salient events, (2) switching between other large-scale networks to facilitate access to attention and working memory resources when a salient event is detected, (3) interaction of the anterior and posterior insula to modulate autonomic reactivity to salient stimuli, and (4) strong functional coupling with the anterior cingulate cortex that facilitates rapid access to the motor system. In this manner, with the insula as its integral hub, the salience network assists target brain regions in the generation of appropriate behavioral responses to salient stimuli. We suggest that this framework provides a parsimonious account of insula function in neurotypical adults, and may provide novel insights into the neural basis of disorders of affective and social cognition.

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How do you feel--now? The anterior insula and human awareness.

A. D. (Bud) Craig (2008)

The anterior insular cortex (AIC) is implicated in a wide range of conditions and behaviours, from bowel distension and orgasm, to cigarette craving and maternal love, to decision making and sudden insight. Its function in the re-representation of interoception offers one possible basis for its involvement in all subjective feelings. New findings suggest a fundamental role for the AIC (and the von Economo neurons it contains) in awareness, and thus it needs to be considered as a potential neural correlate of consciousness.

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Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model.

Vinod Menon (2011)

The science of large-scale brain networks offers a powerful paradigm for investigating cognitive and affective dysfunction in psychiatric and neurological disorders. This review examines recent conceptual and methodological developments which are contributing to a paradigm shift in the study of psychopathology. I summarize methods for characterizing aberrant brain networks and demonstrate how network analysis provides novel insights into dysfunctional brain architecture. Deficits in access, engagement and disengagement of large-scale neurocognitive networks are shown to play a prominent role in several disorders including schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, dementia and autism. Synthesizing recent research, I propose a triple network model of aberrant saliency mapping and cognitive dysfunction in psychopathology, emphasizing the surprising parallels that are beginning to emerge across psychiatric and neurological disorders. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dialogues Clin Neurosci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Dialogues Clin Neurosci

Title: Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

ISSN (Print): 1294-8322

ISSN (Electronic): 1958-5969

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 7 February 2023

Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 7 February 2023

Volume: 25

Issue: 1

Pages: 14-23

Affiliations

[a ]Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja , La Rioja, Spain

[b ]Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;

[c ]Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain

[d ]Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain

[e ]Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona, Spain

[f ]Behavioral Addictions Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital , Barcelona, Spain

[g ]Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain

[h ]Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA

[i ]Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA

[j ]Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA

[k ]Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling , Wethersfield, CT, USA

[l ]Connecticut Mental Health Center , New Haven, CT, USA

[m ]Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA

Author notes

CONTACT Marc N. Potenza marc.potenza@ 123456yale.edu

Author information

Gemma Mestre-Bach https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5345-0484

Roser Granero https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-3198

Fernando Fernández-Aranda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2968-9898

Susana Jiménez-Murcia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-8033

Marc N. Potenza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-1354

Article

Publisher ID: 2168135

DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2023.2168135

PMC ID: 9930851

PubMed ID: 36817972

SO-VID: a77ae79a-3e50-43db-8a86-3d070a934c92

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Independent component analysis for internet gaming disorder

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Most cited references 50

Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function.

How do you feel--now? The anterior insula and human awareness.

Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model.

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