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      Um termômetro eletrônico de leitura direta com termistor Translated title: A direct reading electronic thermometer with thermistor

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          Abstract

          Neste trabalho, descrevemos o projeto e funcionamento de um sistema eletrônico simples de leitura direta de temperatura que utiliza um termistor como elemento sensor. O sistema é composto de uma fonte de alimentação estabilizada, um circuito série contendo um resistor e um termistor, e um circuito de condicionamento de sinal contendo um único circuito integrado, e pode ser operado com uma bateria. O sistema possui exatidão da ordem de 0,1 ºC para a faixa de temperatura de 0 ºC a 32 ºC, sendo indicado para experimentos que envolvem medidas de pequenas variações de temperatura. O sistema também apresenta algumas características adicionais, como robustez, facilidade de construção, baixo custo, e resposta rápida a variações de temperatura.

          Translated abstract

          In this work, we describe the project and operation of a simple direct reading temperature electronic system which uses a thermistor as sensing element. The system is composed of a stabilized power supply, a resistor-thermistor series circuit, and a signal conditioning circuit based only on one integrated circuit, and it may be operated using a battery. The system provides accuracy of about 0.1 ºC for a range of temperature varying between 0 ºC to 32 ºC, being indicated for experiments which involve measurements of small temperature changes. The system also provides some additional features, such as robustness, ease to building, low cost, and rapid response to temperature changes.

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          Local characterization of hindered Brownian motion by using digital video microscopy and 3D particle tracking

          In this article we present methods for measuring hindered Brownian motion in the confinement of complex 3D geometries using digital video microscopy. Here we discuss essential features of automated 3D particle tracking as well as diffusion data analysis. By introducing local mean squared displacement-vs-time curves, we are able to simultaneously measure the spatial dependence of diffusion coefficients, tracking accuracies and drift velocities. Such local measurements allow a more detailed and appropriate description of strongly heterogeneous systems as opposed to global measurements. Finite size effects of the tracking region on measuring mean squared displacements are also discussed. The use of these methods was crucial for the measurement of the diffusive behavior of spherical polystyrene particles (505 nm diameter) in a microfluidic chip. The particles explored an array of parallel channels with different cross sections as well as the bulk reservoirs. For this experiment we present the measurement of local tracking accuracies in all three axial directions as well as the diffusivity parallel to the channel axis while we observed no significant flow but purely Brownian motion. Finally, the presented algorithm is suitable also for tracking of fluorescently labeled particles and particles driven by an external force, e.g. electrokinetic or dielectrophoretic forces.
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            Development of high-repetition-rate laser pump/x-ray probe methodologies for synchrotron facilities.

            We describe our implementation of a high repetition rate (54 kHz-6.5 MHz), high power (>10 W), laser system at the 7ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source for laser pump/x-ray probe studies of optically driven molecular processes. Laser pulses at 1.06 μm wavelength and variable duration (10 or 130 ps) are synchronized to the storage ring rf signal to a precision of ~250 fs rms. Frequency doubling and tripling of the laser radiation using nonlinear optical techniques have been applied to generate 532 and 355 nm light. We demonstrate that by combining a microfocused x-ray probe with focused optical laser radiation the requisite fluence (with <10 μJ/pulse) for efficient optical excitation can be readily achieved with a compact and commercial laser system at megahertz repetition rates. We present results showing the time-evolution of near-edge x-ray spectra of a well-studied, laser-excited metalloporphyrin, Ni(II)-tetramesitylporphyrin. The use of high repetition rate, short pulse lasers as pump sources will dramatically enhance the duty cycle and efficiency in data acquisition and hence capabilities for laser-pump/x-ray probe studies of ultrafast structural dynamics at synchrotron sources.
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              Removing interference and optical feedback artifacts in atomic force microscopy measurements by application of high frequency laser current modulation

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbef
                Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física
                Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Física (São Paulo )
                1806-9126
                September 2005
                : 27
                : 3
                : 369-375
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [2 ] Centro Universitário Franciscano Brasil
                Article
                S1806-11172005000300011
                a6810bd8-d36f-4670-9824-bb8950c7bf3a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1806-1117&lng=en
                Categories
                EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
                PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General physics,Educational research & Statistics
                thermometer,thermistor,temperature measurement,termômetro,termistor,medida de temperatura

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