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      Health-promoting compounds in Amomum villosum Lour and Amomum tsao-ko: Fruit essential oil exhibiting great potential for human health

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          Background

          The Zingiberaceae family serves as a diverse repository of bioactive phytochemicals, comprising approximately 52 genera and 1300 species of aromatic perennial herbs distinguished by their distinct creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes. Amomum villosum Lour. and Amomum tsao-ko Crevost & Lemaire., are the important plants of family Zingiberaceae that have been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many ailments. The Amomum species are employed for their aromatic qualities and are valued as spices and flavorings. In the essential oils (EOs) of Amomum species, notable constituents include, camphor, methyl chavicol, bornyl acetate, trans-p-(1-butenyl) anisole, α-pinene, and β-pinene. Objective: The aim of this review is to present an overview of pharmacological studies pertaining to the extracts and secondary metabolites isolated from both species. The foremost objective of review is not only to increase the popularity of Amomum as a healthy food choice but also to enhance its status as a staple ingredient for the foreseeable future. Result: We endeavored to gather the latest information on antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiobesity, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties of plants as well as their role in neuroprotective diseases. Research conducted through in-vitro studies, animal model, and compounds analysis have revealed that both plants exhibit a diverse array health promoting properties. Conclusion: the comprehensive review paper provides valuable insights into the diverse range of bioactive phytochemicals found in A. villosum and A. tsao-ko, showcasing their potential in preventing diseases and promoting overall human well-being. The compilation of information on their various health-enhancing properties contributes to the broader understanding of these plants and their potential applications in traditional medicine and beyond.

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          Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil Compounds (Geraniol and Citral) and Inhibitory Mechanisms on Grain Pathogens ( Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus )

          Xi Tang, Ye-Lin Shao, Ya-Jie Tang … (2018)
          The grain contamination by Aspergillus spp. has been a serious issue. This study exhibited the excellent antifungal effects of the essential oil compounds (EOCs) geraniol and citral against common grain pathogens (A. flavus and A. ochraceus) in vitro and in situ. The inhibitory mechanisms were also evaluated from the perspective of cell membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and Aspergillus spp. growth-related gene expression. Meanwhile, the combined effects of EOCs in the vapor phase and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were examined to find an alternative preservation method for controlling Aspergillus spp. The results indicated that citral exhibited the antifungal activity mainly by downregulating the sporulation- and growth-related genes for both pathogens. Geraniol displayed inhibitory effectiveness against A. flavus predominantly by inducing the intracellular ROS accumulation and showed toxicity against A. ochraceus principally by changing cell membrane permeability. Furthermore, the synthetic effects of EOCs and MAP (75% CO2 and 25% N2) induced better grain quality than the current commercial fumigant AlP. These findings reveal that EOCs have potential to be a novel grain preservative for further application.
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            Cytotoxic, apoptotic and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Amomum tsao-ko.

            Yang Yang, Yang Yue, Yan Runwei … (2010)
            The antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and mechanism of induction of HepG2 cell death of essential oil from Amomum tsao-ko were determined. The essential oil was cytotoxic to HepG2, Hela, Bel-7402, SGC-7901 and PC-3 cell lines. The lowest IC(50) of 31.80+/-1.18microg/ml was measured for HepG2 carcinoma cell lines. The IC(50) for normal human cell lines (HUVEC and HL-7702) was 163.91+/-5.11-272.41+/-0.97microg/ml. Analyses by flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining and agarose gel electrophoresis indicated that the essential oil induced apoptosis. The essential oil has weak antioxidant activity as measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The data suggest that the essential oil of A. tsao-ko could be a potential medicinal resource. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from Hops, exerts anticancer effects against gastric cancer in vitro

              Shanshan Wei, Taoli Sun, Jie Du … (2018)
              Xanthohumol (Xn), a prenylated flavonoid isolated from Hops (Humulus lupulus L.), has demonstrated potent anticancer activity in multiple types of cancer. However, the effect of Xn on gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Xn on GC cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. It was observed that Xn decreased the viability of GC cells, with very low or no toxicity to normal gastric epithelial cells GES-1 at a concentration of 1–100 µM. The proliferation of AGS cells was inhibited by Xn, as indicated by the decreased number of EdU-positive cells. Xn treatment increased the number of apoptotic cells, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression of Bax, suggesting induction of apoptosis. The results from the wound healing and Transwell assays indicated that Xn suppressed AGS cell metastasis. Moreover, Xn induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in AGS cells, which was reversed by the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC suppressed the effect of Xn on the proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of AGS cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Xn exerts anticancer effects against GC via induction of ROS production and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Therefore, Xn may be a promising candidate treatment against GC progression.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Abdul Qayyum
                Yawen Zeng
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Heliyon
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Heliyon
                Title: Heliyon
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2405-8440
                Publication date PMC-release: 03 March 2024
                Publication date Collection: 15 March 2024
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 March 2024
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: e27492
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
                [b ]Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
                [c ]Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650205, China
                [d ]Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
                [e ]Honghe Linyuan Agricultural Technology Development Limited Company, Hekou, 661300, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. aqayyum@ 123456uoh.edu.pk
                [** ]Corresponding author. zengyw1967@ 123456126.com
                [1]

                These authors contributed equally to this study.

                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2405-8440(24)03523-0 Publisher ID: e27492
                DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27492
                PMC ID: 10923843
                PubMed ID: 38463888
                SO-VID: a3719704-db9a-4b70-a87d-387de46b329c
                Copyright © © 2024 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 9 January 2024
                Date revision received : 29 February 2024
                Date accepted : 29 February 2024
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: zingiberaceae,amomum,camphor,borneol,nutraceutical,neuroprotective
                Data availability:
                Keywords: zingiberaceae, amomum, camphor, borneol, nutraceutical, neuroprotective

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