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      Implementación de medidas preventivas de las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de Salud (IAAS) en un departamento de cuidados intensivos pediátricos Translated title: Implementation of preventive measures for Health Care Associated Infections (HCAI) in a department of pediatric intensive care

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo. Conocer el efecto de medidas preventivas de las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS) implementadas en el Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la UNA, comparando la tasa anual de infecciones antes y después de la implementación de las medidas e identificar los gérmenes causales. Metodología. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes internados entre los años 2013 y 2014. Resultados. En el 2013, hubo 283 ingresos con 2.786 días de internación anual y una mortalidad global de 20,6%; en el 2014 ingresaron 286 pacientes, con 1.893 días de internación anual y mortalidad global de 9,3%. La tasa de infección de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica (NAVM) fue en el 2013 de 13,1/1000 comparado al 9,6/1000 en el 2014. La tasa de infección de las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a catéter venoso central (BAC) fue 5,4/1000 en el 2013; y 7,4/1000 en el 2014. La tasa de infección del tracto urinario asociado a catéter urinario permanente (CUP) fue en el 2013, 4,4/1000; mientras que en el 2014 fue 2,3/1000. Los aislados con mayor frecuencia en las NAVM fueron P. aeruginosa y S. aureus. En la BAC los Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos, seguidos deC. Albicans y E. coli BLEE y en la infección del tracto urinario Cándida spy Cándida tropicalis. Conclusiones. Las medidas implementadas contribuyeron para la disminución de la neumonía asociada al ventilador y a la infección del tracto urinario asociada a catéter.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective. To know the effect of preventive measures of health care associated infection (HCAI) implemented at the Department of Pediatric Intensive Care of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción, by comparing annual rate of infections before and after the implementation of preventive measurements and identify the causative germs. Methodology. Medical records of hospitalized patients from 2013 and 2014 were evaluated. Results. In 2013, a total of 283 admissions with a total 2,786 days of annual hospitalization and a global mortality of 20.6% were registered; in 2014, 286 patients were admitted, with a total of 1,893 days of annual hospitalization and an overall mortality of 9.3%. Infection rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was 13.1/1000 in 2013; which was reduced in 2014 to 9.6/1000. Infection rate of Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) was 5.4/1000 in 2013; and 7.4/1000 in 2014. For urinary tract infections associated with permanent urinary catheter (PUC), infection rate was 4.4 / 1000 in 2013; while in 2014 it was 2.3 / 1000. The most frequent isolates in the NAVM were P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. In CRBSI, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus followed by C. albicans and ESBL E. coli. In urinary tract infection, Candida spand Candida tropicalis. Conclusions. Measurement implemented for the reduction of IAAS contributed to the decrease in ventilator-associated pneumonia and urinary tract infection associated with catheters.

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          A prospective study of ventilator-associated pneumonia in children.

          We conducted a prospective, observational study in a tertiary care pediatric center to determine risk factors for the development of and outcomes from ventilator-associated pneumonia. From November 2004 to June 2005, all NICU and PICU patients mechanically ventilated for >24 hours were eligible for enrollment after parental consent. The primary outcome measure was the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia, which was defined by both Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance criteria and clinician diagnosis. Secondary outcome measures were length of mechanical ventilation, hospital and ICU length of stay, hospital cost, and death. Fifty-eight patients were enrolled. The median age was 6 months, and 57% were boys. The most common ventilator-associated pneumonia organisms identified were Gram-negative bacteria (42%), Staphylococcus aureus (22%), and Haemophilus influenzae (11%). On multivariate analysis, female gender, postsurgical admission diagnosis, presence of enteral feeds, and use of narcotic medications were associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia had greater need for mechanical ventilation (12 vs 22 median ventilator-free days), longer ICU length of stay (6 vs 13 median ICU-free days), higher total median hospital costs ($308,534 vs $252,652), and increased absolute hospital mortality (10.5% vs 2.4%) than those without ventilator-associated pneumonia. In mechanically ventilated, critically ill children, those with ventilator-associated pneumonia had a prolonged need for mechanical ventilation, a longer ICU stay, and a higher mortality rate. Female gender, postsurgical diagnosis, the use of narcotics, and the use of enteral feeds were associated with an increased risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia in these patients.
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            Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de Salud: de Semmelweis a nuestros días, una historia de logros y desafíos

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              Extrinsic contamination of intravenous infusates administrated to hospitalized children in Mexico

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rccsalud
                Revista científica ciencias de la salud
                Rev. cient. cienc. salud
                Universidad del Pacífico (Asunción, , Paraguay )
                2664-2891
                December 2019
                : 1
                : 2
                : 8-18
                Affiliations
                [1] Asunción Asunción orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Asunción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas orgdiv2Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos Paraguay
                Article
                S2664-28912019000200008 S2664-2891(19)00100200008
                10.53732/rccsalud/01.02.2019.08
                9c3c1cd3-1999-43e1-8df6-1da5baaecf7c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 August 2019
                : 01 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                respiration artificial,prevention and control,healthcare-associated pneumonia,respiración artificial,prevención y control,neumonía asociada a la atención médica

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