10
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: not found
      • Article: not found

      HIV-associated executive dysfunction in the era of modern antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

      1 , 2
      Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
      Informa UK Limited

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          While some reports suggest that HIV+ individuals continue to display executive function (EF) impairment in the era of cART, findings have been contradictory and appear to differ based on the aspect of EF being measured. To improve the understanding of how discrete executive abilities may be differentially affected or spared in the context of HIV infection, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to (a) determine whether and to what extent HIV+ adults experience deficits in EFs, and (b) understand how demographic and clinical characteristics may modify the associations between HIV infection and executive abilities.

          Related collections

          Most cited references90

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The Nature and Organization of Individual Differences in Executive Functions: Four General Conclusions.

          Executive functions (EFs)-a set of general-purpose control processes that regulate one's thoughts and behaviors-have become a popular research topic lately and have been studied in many subdisciplines of psychological science. This article summarizes the EF research that our group has conducted to understand the nature of individual differences in EFs and their cognitive and biological underpinnings. In the context of a new theoretical framework that we have been developing (the unity/diversity framework), we describe four general conclusions that have emerged from our research. Specifically, we argue that individual differences in EFs, as measured with simple laboratory tasks, (1) show both unity and diversity (different EFs are correlated yet separable); (2) reflect substantial genetic contributions; (3) are related to various clinically and societally important phenomena; and (4) show some developmental stability.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin.

            Recent psychological and neuropsychological research suggests that executive functions--the cognitive control processes that regulate thought and action--are multifaceted and that different types of executive functions are correlated but separable. The present multivariate twin study of 3 executive functions (inhibiting dominant responses, updating working memory representations, and shifting between task sets), measured as latent variables, examined why people vary in these executive control abilities and why these abilities are correlated but separable from a behavioral genetic perspective. Results indicated that executive functions are correlated because they are influenced by a highly heritable (99%) common factor that goes beyond general intelligence or perceptual speed, and they are separable because of additional genetic influences unique to particular executive functions. This combination of general and specific genetic influences places executive functions among the most heritable psychological traits. These results highlight the potential of genetic approaches for uncovering the biological underpinnings of executive functions and suggest a need for examining multiple types of executive functions to distinguish different levels of genetic influences. (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
                Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
                Informa UK Limited
                1380-3395
                1744-411X
                August 16 2017
                April 21 2018
                July 09 2017
                April 21 2018
                : 40
                : 4
                : 357-376
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
                [2 ] Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
                Article
                10.1080/13803395.2017.1349879
                6164174
                28689493
                9b77d6d6-4e8a-4d11-ad19-5bbfea0ad12b
                © 2018
                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_
                0
                0
                0
                0
                Smart Citations
                0
                0
                0
                0
                Citing PublicationsSupportingMentioningContrasting
                View Citations

                See how this article has been cited at scite.ai

                scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.

                Similar content1,481

                Cited by23

                Most referenced authors1,630