Association Between Periodontal Disease and Osteoporosis by Gender

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Abstract

Periodontitis and osteoporosis are primary concerns in public health and clinical management. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis by gender.

Data were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan. A diagnosis of periodontitis was defined on the basis of subgingival curettage, periodontal flap operation, and gingivectomy (excluding those with restorative or aesthetic indications). Multiple logistic regression was used for analysis.

After adjusting for age, sex, income, and geographical region, there was a significant association between periodontitis and osteoporosis among women (odds ratio: 1.96; 95% confidence interval 1.17–3.26).

The association between periodontitis and osteoporosis was significant among women.

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Most cited references 38

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Periodontal diseases and osteoporosis: association and mechanisms.

J. Wactawski-Wende (2001)

There is increasing evidence that osteoporosis, and the underlying loss of bone mass characteristic of this disease, is associated with periodontal disease and tooth loss. Periodontitis has long been defined as an infection-mediated destruction of the alveolar bone and soft tissue attachment to the tooth, responsible for most tooth loss in adult populations. Current evidence including several prospective studies supports an association of osteoporosis with the onset and progression of periodontal disease in humans. The majority of studies have shown low bone mass to be independently associated with loss of alveolar crestal height and tooth loss. However studies that focus on the relation of clinical attachment loss and osteoporosis are less consistent. To date, the majority of studies on the relationship between periodontal disease and osteoporosis have been hindered by small sample sizes, limited control of other potential confounding factors, varying definitions of both periodontal disease and osteoporosis, and few prospective studies where the temporality of the association can be established. Potential mechanisms by which host factors may influence onset and progression of periodontal disease directly or indirectly include underlying low bone density in the oral cavity, bone loss as an inflammatory response to infection, genetic susceptibility, and shared exposure to risk factors. Systemic loss of bone density in osteoporosis, including that of the oral cavity, may provide a host system that is increasingly susceptible to infectious destruction of periodontal tissue. Studies have provided evidence that hormones, heredity, and other host factors influence periodontal disease incidence and severity. Both periodontal disease and osteoporosis are serious public-health concerns in the United States. Prevalence of both osteoporosis and tooth loss increase with advancing age in both women and men. Understanding the association between these common diseases and the mechanisms underlying those associations will aid health professionals to provide improved means to prevent, diagnose, and treat these very common diseases. This paper reviews the current evidence on the association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis.

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Comparison of mandibular bone in normal and osteoporotic women.

P Kribbs (1990)

This study compared dental findings in normal and osteoporotic women and evaluated the variables that best separated the two groups. The osteoporotic group had less mandibular bone mass and density and a thinner cortex at the gonion than the normal group. The osteoporotic group also had a greater percentage of subjects who were edentulous. In subjects who had natural teeth, there was greater tooth loss. No differences in periodontal measurements were found between osteoporotic and normal groups. Mandibular bone mass and the number of teeth were statistically most effective for separating the populations. However, considerable overlap was found between the osteoporotic and normal groups in all variables.

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Periodontitis and osteoporosis: a systematic review.

Ma Martínez-Maestre, C Gonzalez-Cejudo, G Machuca … (2010)

Osteoporosis and periodontitis are frequent disorders that affect aging populations. It has been hypothesized that both conditions may be related.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Medicine (Baltimore)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Medicine (Baltimore)

Journal ID (publisher-id): MEDI

Title: Medicine

Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health

ISSN (Print): 0025-7974

ISSN (Electronic): 1536-5964

Publication date Collection: February 2015

Publication date (Electronic): 20 February 2015

Volume: 94

Issue: 7

Electronic Location Identifier: e553

Affiliations

From the Department of Dental Hygiene (THL, HPS, HPT), China Medical University; Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health (CCL, JYH, PCK, SRJ, YHS, ONN, ZHJ, YCC, YPL), Chung Shan Medical University; Department of Family and Community Medicine (CCL, YCC, YPL); Department of Dentistry (YHS), Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung; and Taiwan Society of Oral Health (CSC), Keelung, Taiwan.

Author notes

Correspondence: Yung-Po Liaw, PhD, Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan (e-mail: Liawyp@ 123456csmu.edu.tw ).

Article

Accession ID: 00553

DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000553

PMC ID: 4554172

PubMed ID: 25700325

SO-VID: 98cd15d4-d41c-4c34-822c-a9d26f81bd73

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, where it is permissible to download, share and reproduce the work in any medium, provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

History

Date received : 28 October 2014

Date revision received : 20 January 2015

Date accepted : 22 January 2015

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Association Between Periodontal Disease and Osteoporosis by Gender : A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

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Abstract

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Sex and gender-sensitive medicine

Most cited references 38

Periodontal diseases and osteoporosis: association and mechanisms.

Comparison of mandibular bone in normal and osteoporotic women.

Periodontitis and osteoporosis: a systematic review.

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