Radiography and ct features of atherosclerosis in two miniature schnauzer dogs

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Abstract

Two miniature Schnauzer dogs with chronic pancreatitis were investigated. Both dogs showed systemic hypertension and increased concentrations of triglycerides and C-reactive protein. Abdominal radiography revealed cylindrical calcification in the retroperitoneum, and computed tomography (CT) showed extensive calcification of the abdominal and peripheral arteries in both dogs. Metastases and other dystrophic conditions that can cause arterial calcification were excluded based on the laboratory tests, and the dogs were diagnosed with atherosclerosis ante mortem. Atherosclerosis should be considered when extensive arterial calcification is observed on abdominal radiography or CT in miniature Schnauzers.

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Executive summary of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for the diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Japan -2012 version.

Kazuhiko Hirobe, Hiroyuki Daida, Chizuko Maruyama … (2012)

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Generation of C-reactive protein and complement components in atherosclerotic plaques.

Koji Yasojima, Claudia Schwab, Edith G. McGeer … (2001)

C-reactive protein (CRP) and complement are hypothesized to be major mediators of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. We used the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique to detect the mRNAs for CRP and the classical complement components C1 to C9 in both normal arterial and plaque tissue, establishing that they can be endogenously generated by arteries. When the CRP mRNA levels of plaque tissue, normal artery, and liver were compared in the same cases, plaque levels were 10.2-fold higher than normal artery and 7.2-fold higher than liver. By Western blotting, we showed that the protein levels of CRP and complement proteins were also up-regulated in plaque tissue and that there was full activation of the classical complement pathway. By in situ hybridization, we detected intense signals for CRP and C4 mRNAs in smooth muscle-like cells and macrophages in the thickened intima of plaques. By immunohistochemistry we showed co-localization of CRP and the membrane attack complex of complement. We also detected up-regulation in plaque tissue of the mRNAs for the macrophage markers CD11b and HLA-DR, as well as their protein products. We showed by immunohistochemistry macrophage infiltration of plaque tissue. Because CRP is a complement activator, and activated complement attacks cells in plaque tissue, these data provide evidence of a self-sustaining autotoxic mechanism operating within the plaques as a precursor to thrombotic events.

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Is Open Access

Imaging Atherosclerosis

Jason M Tarkin, Marc R. Dweck, Nicholas R. Evans … (2016)

Advances in atherosclerosis imaging technology and research have provided a range of diagnostic tools to characterize high-risk plaque in vivo; however, these important vascular imaging methods additionally promise great scientific and translational applications beyond this quest. When combined with conventional anatomic- and hemodynamic-based assessments of disease severity, cross-sectional multimodal imaging incorporating molecular probes and other novel noninvasive techniques can add detailed interrogation of plaque composition, activity, and overall disease burden. In the catheterization laboratory, intravascular imaging provides unparalleled access to the world beneath the plaque surface, allowing tissue characterization and measurement of cap thickness with micrometer spatial resolution. Atherosclerosis imaging captures key data that reveal snapshots into underlying biology, which can test our understanding of fundamental research questions and shape our approach toward patient management. Imaging can also be used to quantify response to therapeutic interventions and ultimately help predict cardiovascular risk. Although there are undeniable barriers to clinical translation, many of these hold-ups might soon be surpassed by rapidly evolving innovations to improve image acquisition, coregistration, motion correction, and reduce radiation exposure. This article provides a comprehensive review of current and experimental atherosclerosis imaging methods and their uses in research and potential for translation to the clinic.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Vet Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JVS

Title: Journal of Veterinary Science

Publisher: The Korean Society of Veterinary Science

ISSN (Print): 1229-845X

ISSN (Electronic): 1976-555X

Publication date (Print): November 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 04 November 2020

Volume: 21

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: e89

Affiliations

[1 ]College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.

[2 ]College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.

Author notes

Corresponding authors: DoHyeon Yu. College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea. yudh@ 123456gnu.ac.kr

Corresponding authors: Jihye Choi. College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea. imsono@ 123456jnu.ac.kr

^†Eunji Lee and Hyunwoo Kim equally contributed to this work.

Author information

Eunji Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-0755

Hyun Woo Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4692-3017

Hyeona Bae https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2888-5782

DoHyeon Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-6926

Jihye Choi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1258-7158

Article

DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e89

PMC ID: 7710456

PubMed ID: 33263236

SO-VID: 950fc66c-b864-4284-8677-20103f4af1f7

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 20 August 2020

Date accepted : 28 September 2020

Funding

Funded by: Animal Medical Institute of Chonnam National University;

Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725;

Award ID: NRF-2018R1A2B6006775

Award ID: NRF-2020R1C1C1008675

Radiography and ct features of atherosclerosis in two miniature schnauzer dogs

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Most cited references 15

Executive summary of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for the diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Japan -2012 version.

Generation of C-reactive protein and complement components in atherosclerotic plaques.

Imaging Atherosclerosis

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