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      Assimetria e simetria de gênero na violência por parceiro íntimo em pesquisas realizadas no Brasil Translated title: Gender asymmetry and symmetry in Brazilian intimate partner violence research

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          Abstract

          Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a violência por parceiro íntimo a partir das concepções de simetria e assimetria de gênero. Foram selecionadas para análise 79 publicações, com maior predominância entre os anos de 2006 a 2014 (78,5%). As áreas de revistas que abordaram o tema foram a psicologia (32,9%), seguida pela saúde pública (27,9%) e enfermagem (27,6%). Dos pesquisadores, 46,8% trabalham com o discurso da linha teórica feminista, cuja abordagem de gênero é considerada assimétrica. Produzem em sua maioria pesquisas qualitativas com amostra composta apenas de mulheres (81,1%), enquanto que 78,3% coletaram os dados a partir dos serviços de apoio à vítima de violência. Quando se observam as características dos estudos realizados por pesquisadores da linha teórica dos sociólogos da família que defendem a simetria de gêneros (25,3%), as abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas foram utilizadas em semelhantes proporções. A violência bidirecional foi apontada em 80% destas pesquisas. Constatamos forte liderança da linha teórica feminista nos discursos dos pesquisadores. Destaca-se a importância da discussão dos dados com diversos referenciais teóricos, pois a análise isolada, por qualquer que seja a área, corre o risco de ser tendenciosa e, assim, fragilizar os resultados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This study aims to analyze intimate partner violence from the gender symmetry and asymmetry concepts. Seventy-nine papers were selected for analysis, and most were published in the 2006-2014 period (78.5%). The fields of journals that addressed the subject were psychology (32.9%) followed by public health (27.9%) and nursing (27.6%). Of the researchers, 46.8% work with the feminist theoretical line discourse, whose gender approach is asymmetrical. They mostly produce qualitative research with a sample consisting of women only (81.1%), and 78.3% collected data from violence victims’ support services. When looking at the characteristics of the studies conducted by researchers from the theoretical line of family sociologists who advocate gender symmetry (25.3%), qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in similar proportions. Bidirectional violence was identified in 80% of this research. We noted a strong leadership of the feminist theoretical line, which was identified in the discourses of the researchers. We stress the relevance of the discussion of the data with different theoretical frameworks, since analysis in isolation, regardless of the field, runs the risk of being biased and thus weaken the results.

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          Conflict and control: gender symmetry and asymmetry in domestic violence.

          Four types of individual partner violence are identified based on the dyadic control context of the violence. In intimate terrorism, the individual is violent and controlling, the partner is not. In violent resistance, the individual is violent but not controlling; the partner is the violent and controlling one. In situational couple violence, although the individual is violent, neither the individual nor the partner is violent and controlling. In mutual violent control, the individual and the partner are violent and controlling. Evidence is presented that situational couple violence dominates in general surveys, intimate terrorism and violent resistance dominate in agency samples, and this is the source of differences across studies with respect to the gender symmetry of partner violence. An argument is made that if we want to understand partner violence, intervene effectively in individual cases, or make useful policy recommendations, we must make these distinctions in our research.
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            Quantitativo-qualitativo: oposição ou complementaridade?

            Este trabalho resume um debate metodológico em processo na Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Brasil, sobre as duas formas de abordagem mais correntes nas investigações da área de saúde: o método quantitativo e o método qualitativo. Os autores - uma antropóloga sanitarista e um bioestatístico - demonstram, com argumentações teóricas e práticas, que esses métodos são de natureza diferenciada, mas se complementam na compreensão da realidade social. Num mundo onde o que distingue o ser humano é a linguagem comunicativa, o acento deste debate recai sobre a possibilidade, o significado e os limites da linguagem matemática e da linguagem de uso comum na experiência cotidiana.
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              Differences in frequency of violence and reported injury between relationships with reciprocal and nonreciprocal intimate partner violence.

              We sought to examine the prevalence of reciprocal (i.e., perpetrated by both partners) and nonreciprocal intimate partner violence and to determine whether reciprocity is related to violence frequency and injury. We analyzed data on young US adults aged 18 to 28 years from the 2001 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which contained information about partner violence and injury reported by 11,370 respondents on 18761 heterosexual relationships. Almost 24% of all relationships had some violence, and half (49.7%) of those were reciprocally violent. In nonreciprocally violent relationships, women were the perpetrators in more than 70% of the cases. Reciprocity was associated with more frequent violence among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.9, 2.8), but not men (AOR=1.26; 95% CI=0.9, 1.7). Regarding injury, men were more likely to inflict injury than were women (AOR=1.3; 95% CI=1.1, 1.5), and reciprocal intimate partner violence was associated with greater injury than was nonreciprocal intimate partner violence regardless of the gender of the perpetrator (AOR=4.4; 95% CI=3.6, 5.5). The context of the violence (reciprocal vs nonreciprocal) is a strong predictor of reported injury. Prevention approaches that address the escalation of partner violence may be needed to address reciprocal violence.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                2018
                : 23
                : 11
                : 3597-3607
                Affiliations
                [1] Florianópolis Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Centro de Ciências da Saúde orgdiv2Departamento de Saúde Pública Brazil thaysberger@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1413-81232018001103597
                10.1590/1413-812320182311.23902016
                916158ff-3489-4cd4-83e8-d3b02998edf2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 November 2016
                : 26 September 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Public Health


                Violência contra a mulher,Domestic violence,Violence against women,Intimate partner,Violence,Violência doméstica,Parceiro íntimo,Violência

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