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      Graphene and Beyond: Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials Synthesis, Properties, and Devices

      review-article
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      ACS Nanoscience Au
      American Chemical Society
      2D Materials, Defect Engineering, Theory-Guided Synthesis , Moiré Engineering, Strain Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Magnetic and Topological Properties, Excitonic Properties

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          Abstract

          Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials research has rapidly evolved into an entire subdiscipline in the physical sciences with a wide range of emergent applications. The unique 2D structure offers an open canvas to tailor and functionalize 2D materials through layer number, defects, morphology, moiré pattern, strain, and other control knobs. Through this review, we aim to highlight the most recent discoveries in the following topics: theory-guided synthesis for enhanced control of 2D morphologies, quality, yield, as well as insights toward novel 2D materials; defect engineering to control and understand the role of various defects, including in situ and ex situ methods; and properties and applications that are related to moiré engineering, strain engineering, and artificial intelligence. Finally, we also provide our perspective on the challenges and opportunities in this fascinating field.

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          Most cited references322

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          Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

          We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10 13 per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of ∼10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
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            Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of the neon dimer

            Wave-particle duality is an inherent peculiarity of the quantum world. The double-slit experiment has been frequently used for understanding different aspects of this fundamental concept. The occurrence of interference rests on the lack of which-way information and on the absence of decoherence mechanisms, which could scramble the wave fronts. Here, we report on the observation of two-center interference in the molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distribution upon ionization of the neon dimer by a strong laser field. Postselection of ions, which are measured in coincidence with electrons, allows choosing the symmetry of the residual ion, leading to observation of both, gerade and ungerade, types of interference.
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              Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Nanosci Au
                ACS Nanosci Au
                ng
                anaccx
                ACS Nanoscience Au
                American Chemical Society
                2694-2496
                16 September 2022
                21 December 2022
                : 2
                : 6
                : 450-485
                Affiliations
                []Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
                []Center for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
                [§ ]Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
                []Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
                []Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
                []Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
                []Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz , Pomorska 149/153, Lodz 90-236, Poland
                []Department of Physics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
                []Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
                []Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
                []Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
                []Imec , Kapeldreef 75, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
                []Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
                []nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa − Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
                []School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
                []Institute of Physics, University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster 48149, Germany
                [a ]Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
                [b ]Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
                [c ]Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
                [d ]Research Initiative for Supra-Materials and Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University , 4-17-1Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4693-7408
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5562-1125
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-5490
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-5538
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-8242
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2597-8534
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-8325
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-5470
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-7509
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0188-945X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-4843
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-452X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-7187
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-2851
                Article
                10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00017
                9782807
                36573124
                8b220770-2375-4c9f-80f5-8a69bfa39afc
                © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

                Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 04 April 2022
                : 23 August 2022
                : 22 August 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Australian Research Council, doi 10.13039/501100000923;
                Award ID: DP200101345
                Funded by: Division of Materials Research, doi 10.13039/100000078;
                Award ID: DMR-1848046
                Funded by: National Research Foundation Singapore, doi 10.13039/501100001381;
                Award ID: NA
                Funded by: Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre, doi NA;
                Award ID: NA
                Funded by: H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies, doi 10.13039/100010664;
                Award ID: 881603
                Funded by: Australian Research Council, doi 10.13039/501100000923;
                Award ID: DE160101157
                Funded by: Office of Multidisciplinary Activities, doi 10.13039/100006091;
                Award ID: OMA-1936250
                Funded by: Narodowe Centrum Nauki, doi 10.13039/501100004281;
                Award ID: 2018/30/E/ST5/00667
                Funded by: Sweden 2D TECH VINNOVA competence center, Chalmers University of Technology, doi NA;
                Award ID: 2019-00068
                Funded by: H2020 European Research Council, doi 10.13039/100010663;
                Award ID: 948243
                Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, doi 10.13039/501100001659;
                Award ID: WU 637/7-1
                Funded by: Welch Foundation, doi 10.13039/100000928;
                Award ID: F-1959-20210327
                Funded by: Narodowe Centrum Nauki, doi 10.13039/501100004281;
                Award ID: 2016/21/B/ST5/00984
                Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, doi 10.13039/501100001659;
                Award ID: WU 637/4-2
                Funded by: Ministry of Education - Singapore, doi 10.13039/501100001459;
                Award ID: MOE2018-T3-1-005
                Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, doi 10.13039/501100001659;
                Award ID: EXC 2089/1-390776260
                Funded by: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, doi 10.13039/100000185;
                Award ID: W911NF2110351
                Funded by: Air Force Office of Scientific Research, doi 10.13039/100000181;
                Award ID: FA9550-18-1-0283
                Funded by: Air Force Office of Scientific Research, doi 10.13039/100000181;
                Award ID: FA9550-18-1-0072
                Funded by: National Institute of Standards and Technology, doi 10.13039/100000161;
                Award ID: 70NANB17H041
                Funded by: Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships, doi 10.13039/100000151;
                Award ID: 2113864
                Funded by: Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems, doi 10.13039/100000148;
                Award ID: ECCS-1942815
                Funded by: Division of Materials Research, doi 10.13039/100000078;
                Award ID: DMR-2039351
                Funded by: Division of Materials Research, doi 10.13039/100000078;
                Award ID: DMR-2011839
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                ng2c00017
                ng2c00017

                2d materials,defect engineering,theory-guided synthesis,moiré engineering,strain engineering,artificial intelligence,magnetic and topological properties,excitonic properties

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