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      Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Stimuli‐Responsive Systems for Drug Delivery

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          Abstract

          With the rapid development of nanotechnology, stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials have provided an alternative for designing controllable drug delivery systems due to their spatiotemporally controllable properties. As a new type of porous material, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used in biomedical applications, especially drug delivery systems, owing to their tunable pore size, high surface area and pore volume, and easy surface modification. Here, recent progress in MOF‐based stimuli‐responsive systems is presented, including pH‐, magnetic‐, ion‐, temperature‐, pressure‐, light‐, humidity‐, redox‐, and multiple stimuli‐responsive systems for the delivery of anticancer drugs. The remaining challenges and suggestions for future directions for the rational design of MOF‐based nanomedicines are also discussed.

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          Most cited references17

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          Magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery.

          Previous attempts to review the literature on magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy focused primarily on magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) using mono metallic/metal oxide nanoparticles. The term "hyperthermia" in the literature was also confined only to include use of heat for therapeutic applications. Recently, there have been a number of publications demonstrating magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia to generate local heat resulting in the release of drugs either bound to the magnetic nanoparticle or encapsulated within polymeric matrices. In this review article, we present a case for broadening the meaning of the term "hyperthermia" by including thermotherapy as well as magnetically modulated controlled drug delivery. We provide a classification for controlled drug delivery using hyperthermia: Hyperthermia-based controlled drug delivery through bond breaking (DBB) and hyperthermia-based controlled drug delivery through enhanced permeability (DEP). The review also covers, for the first time, core-shell type magnetic nanomaterials, especially nanoshells prepared using layer-by-layer self-assembly, for the application of hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery. The highlight of the review article is to portray potential opportunities for the combination of hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug release paradigms--towards successful application in personalized medicine. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Multifunctional Efficiency: Extending the Concept of Atom Economy to Functional Nanomaterials.

            Green chemistry, in particular, the principle of atom economy, has defined new criteria for the efficient and sustainable production of synthetic compounds. In complex nanomaterials, the number of embedded functional entities and the energy expenditure of the assembly process represent additional compound-associated parameters that can be evaluated from an economic viewpoint. In this Perspective, we extend the principle of atom economy to the study and characterization of multifunctionality in nanocarriers, which we define as "multifunctional efficiency". This concept focuses on the design of highly active nanomaterials by maximizing integrated functional building units while minimizing inactive components. Furthermore, synthetic strategies aim to minimize the number of steps and unique reagents required to make multifunctional nanocarriers. The ultimate goal is to synthesize a nanocarrier that is highly specialized but practical and simple to make. Owing to straightforward crystal engineering, metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles are an excellent example to illustrate the idea behind this concept and have the potential to emerge as next-generation drug delivery systems. Here, we highlight examples showing how the combination of the properties of MOFs ( e.g., their organic-inorganic hybrid nature, high surface area, and biodegradability) and induced systematic modifications and functionalizations of the MOF's scaffold itself lead to a nanocarrier with high multifunctional efficiency.
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              Carbon Dots Embedded Magnetic Nanoparticles @Chitosan @Metal Organic Framework as a Nanoprobe for pH Sensitive Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                caiwen2016@xjtu.edu.cn
                wuchunsheng@xjtu.edu.cn
                gangliu.cmitm@xmu.edu.cn
                Journal
                Adv Sci (Weinh)
                Adv Sci (Weinh)
                10.1002/(ISSN)2198-3844
                ADVS
                Advanced Science
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2198-3844
                20 November 2018
                09 January 2019
                : 6
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/advs.v6.1 )
                : 1801526
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Institute of Medical Engineering Department of Biophysics School of Basic Medical Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
                [ 2 ] State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2613-7286
                Article
                ADVS888
                10.1002/advs.201801526
                6325578
                30643728
                840651d8-b942-48f2-85c0-d50999d7f76a
                © 2018 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 06 September 2018
                : 25 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 13, Tables: 1, Pages: 20, Words: 13615
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 81701769
                Award ID: 31470956
                Award ID: 81422023
                Award ID: 81371596
                Award ID: U1705281
                Award ID: U1505221
                Funded by: National Key Research and Development Program of China
                Award ID: 2017YFA0205201
                Award ID: 2018YFA0107301
                Funded by: China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
                Award ID: 2017M613127
                Funded by: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
                Award ID: xjj2017144
                Award ID: 20720160065
                Award ID: 20720150141
                Funded by: Research Support Program for Young Teachers in Xi'an Jiaotong University
                Award ID: YX1K075
                Funded by: Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China
                Award ID: 2018JM7031
                Funded by: Shaanxi Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 2017BSHEDZZ96
                Funded by: Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China
                Award ID: NCET‐13‐0502
                Categories
                Progress Report
                Progress Reports
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                advs888
                January 9, 2019
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:version=5.5.4 mode:remove_FC converted:09.01.2019

                cancer therapy,drug delivery,metal–organic frameworks (mofs),nanoparticles,stimuli responsive

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