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      Bioavailability of Macro and Micronutrients Across Global Topsoils: Main Drivers and Global Change Impacts

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 18 , 14 , 34 , 35 , 20 , 36 , 24 , 37 , 38 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 9 , 44 , 39 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 46 , 9 , 51 , 46 , 52 , 47 , 22 , 53 , 50 , 41 , 54 , 14 , 55 , 2 , 56 , 57 , 9 , 20 , 58 , 59 , 22 , 60 , 61 , 51 , 62 , 58 , 63 , 57 , 22
      Global Biogeochemical Cycles
      American Geophysical Union (AGU)

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          Abstract

          Understanding the chemical composition of our planet's crust was one of the biggest questions of the 20th century. More than 100 years later, we are still far from understanding the global patterns in the bioavailability and spatial coupling of elements in topsoils worldwide, despite their importance for the productivity and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we measured the bioavailability and coupling of thirteen macro‐ and micronutrients and phytotoxic elements in topsoils (3–8 cm) from a range of terrestrial ecosystems across all continents (∼10,000 observations) and in response to global change manipulations (∼5,000 observations). For this, we incubated between 1 and 4 pairs of anionic and cationic exchange membranes per site for a mean period of 53 days. The most bioavailable elements (Ca, Mg, and K) were also amongst the most abundant in the crust. Patterns of bioavailability were biome‐dependent and controlled by soil properties such as pH, organic matter content and texture, plant cover, and climate. However, global change simulations resulted in important alterations in the bioavailability of elements. Elements were highly coupled, and coupling was predictable by the atomic properties of elements, particularly mass, mass to charge ratio, and second ionization energy. Deviations from the predictable coupling‐atomic mass relationship were attributed to global change and agriculture. Our work illustrates the tight links between the bioavailability and coupling of topsoil elements and environmental context, human activities, and atomic properties of elements, thus deeply enhancing our integrated understanding of the biogeochemical connections that underlie the productivity and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world.

          Key Points

          • Globally, the most bioavailable elements (Ca, Mg, and K) are amongst the most abundant in the crust, but N is more abundant than predicted

          • Bioavailability was controlled by soil pH, organic matter content, texture, plant cover, and climate, and altered by global change

          • Elements were highly spatially correlated (coupled), and coupling was predictable by the atomic properties of elements, particularly mass

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          Most cited references49

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          WorldClim 2: new 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas

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                Journal
                Global Biogeochemical Cycles
                Global Biogeochemical Cycles
                American Geophysical Union (AGU)
                0886-6236
                1944-9224
                June 2023
                June 18 2023
                June 2023
                : 37
                : 6
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Biology IVAGRO University of Cádiz Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3) Campus del Rio San Pedro Cádiz Spain
                [2 ] Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
                [3 ] Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS) CSIC Sevilla Spain
                [4 ] Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Community Ecology Birmensdorf Switzerland
                [5 ] Division of Ecology & Biodiversity School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
                [6 ] United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service Rangeland Resources and System Research Unit Fort Collins CO USA
                [7 ] Département Science et Technologie Université TÉLUQ Montréal QC Canada
                [8 ] Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
                [9 ] The James Hutton Institute Aberdeen UK
                [10 ] Commission for Geosciences Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria
                [11 ] Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC) Zaragoza Spain
                [12 ] Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) Oslo Norway
                [13 ] Norwegian University of Life Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources Ås Norway
                [14 ] Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
                [15 ] School of Life and Environmental Sciences Sydney Institute of Agriculture The University of Sydney Camden NSW Australia
                [16 ] Department of Geology Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
                [17 ] Global Institute of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
                [18 ] Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
                [19 ] Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
                [20 ] Fiducie de Recherche sur la Forêt des Cantons‐de‐l’Est/Eastern Townships Forest Research Trust 1 rue Principale Saint‐Benoît‐du‐Lac QC Canada
                [21 ] Department of Biology University of Regina Regina SK Canada
                [22 ] Western Ag Innovations Saskatoon SK Canada
                [23 ] School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
                [24 ] Département de phytologie Université Laval Québec QC Canada
                [25 ] Division of Environment and Natural Resources The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Ås Norway
                [26 ] Wildlife Conservation Society Canada Toronto ON Canada
                [27 ] Department of Geography McGill University Montreal QC Canada
                [28 ] Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
                [29 ] Carrington Research Extension Center North Dakota State University Carrington ND USA
                [30 ] The Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre Trondheim Norway
                [31 ] Department of Biology Centre of Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
                [32 ] School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
                [33 ] Department of Biology and Chemistry California State University Seaside CA USA
                [34 ] Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis Davis CA USA
                [35 ] Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
                [36 ] Department of Biological Sciences DePaul University Chicago IL USA
                [37 ] Department of Natural Resources & the Environment Center for Environmental Science & Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
                [38 ] School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
                [39 ] Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames IA USA
                [40 ] United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Mandan ND USA
                [41 ] Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
                [42 ] Department of Biological Sciences & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
                [43 ] Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
                [44 ] Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
                [45 ] Science Department Augustana Faculty Universtiy of Alberta Camrose AB Canada
                [46 ] Department of Renewable University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
                [47 ] Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
                [48 ] Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Lethbridge AB Canada
                [49 ] Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Starkville MS USA
                [50 ] Forestry School INDEHESA Research Institute University of Extremadura Plasencia Spain
                [51 ] Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
                [52 ] Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
                [53 ] Institute for Applied Ecology Corvallis OR USA
                [54 ] Department of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada
                [55 ] Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa, Ancon Republic of Panama
                [56 ] Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
                [57 ] Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada
                [58 ] Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
                [59 ] Department of Biological Sciences & TTU Climate Center Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
                [60 ] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
                [61 ] Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) research group Global Change Ecology Centre of Excellence Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
                [62 ] Plant Ecology Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
                [63 ] Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman MT USA
                Article
                10.1029/2022GB007680
                7b58ed15-79cf-4cb0-8a1b-144d3e34ac0b
                © 2023

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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