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      Late Quaternary sea-level changes and early human societies in the central and eastern Mediterranean Basin: An interdisciplinary review

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          Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact.

          The past decade has witnessed a quantum leap in our understanding of the origins, diffusion, and impact of early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin. In large measure these advances are attributable to new methods for documenting domestication in plants and animals. The initial steps toward plant and animal domestication in the Eastern Mediterranean can now be pushed back to the 12th millennium cal B.P. Evidence for herd management and crop cultivation appears at least 1,000 years earlier than the morphological changes traditionally used to document domestication. Different species seem to have been domesticated in different parts of the Fertile Crescent, with genetic analyses detecting multiple domestic lineages for each species. Recent evidence suggests that the expansion of domesticates and agricultural economies across the Mediterranean was accomplished by several waves of seafaring colonists who established coastal farming enclaves around the Mediterranean Basin. This process also involved the adoption of domesticates and domestic technologies by indigenous populations and the local domestication of some endemic species. Human environmental impacts are seen in the complete replacement of endemic island faunas by imported mainland fauna and in today's anthropogenic, but threatened, Mediterranean landscapes where sustainable agricultural practices have helped maintain high biodiversity since the Neolithic.
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            Deglacial sea-level record from Tahiti corals and the timing of global meltwater discharge

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              Origins and genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers and hunter-gatherers in Europe.

              The farming way of life originated in the Near East some 11,000 years ago and had reached most of the European continent 5000 years later. However, the impact of the agricultural revolution on demography and patterns of genomic variation in Europe remains unknown. We obtained 249 million base pairs of genomic DNA from ~5000-year-old remains of three hunter-gatherers and one farmer excavated in Scandinavia and find that the farmer is genetically most similar to extant southern Europeans, contrasting sharply to the hunter-gatherers, whose distinct genetic signature is most similar to that of extant northern Europeans. Our results suggest that migration from southern Europe catalyzed the spread of agriculture and that admixture in the wake of this expansion eventually shaped the genomic landscape of modern-day Europe.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Quaternary International
                Quaternary International
                Elsevier BV
                10406182
                July 2017
                July 2017
                :
                :
                Article
                10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.025
                6fdc33da-904d-4dd4-94c7-fc05bc2ea79b
                © 2017

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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