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      The effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy on inferior alveolar nerve injury: A systematic review and META-analysis

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The aim of this META-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in the treatment of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury due to orthognathic surgeries, extraction of impacted third molars and mandibular fractures.

          Methods and materials

          A electric search was conducted by a combination of manual search and four electric databases including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library and Web of Science, with no limitation on language and publication date. Gray literature was searched in ClinicalTrials.gov and googlescholar. All retrieved articles were imported into ENDNOTE software (version X9) and screened by two independent reviewers. All analysis was performed using the REVMAN software (version 5.3)

          Results

          Finally, 15 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis and 14 for META-analysis from 219 articles. The results showed that PBM therapy had no effect on nerve injury in a short period of time (0-48h, 14 days), but had significant effect over 30 days. However, the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on thermal discrimination was still controversial, most authors supported no significant improvement. By calculating the effective rate of PBM, it was found that there was no significant difference in the onset time of treatment, whether within or over 6 months.

          Conclusions

          The results of this META-analysis show that PBM therapy is effective in the treatment of IAN injures no matter it begins early or later. However, due to the limited number of well-designed RCTs and small number of patients in each study, it would be necessary to conduct randomized controlled trials with large sample size, long follow-up time and more standardized treatment and evaluation methods in the future to provide more accurate and clinically meaningful results.

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          Most cited references50

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          The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials

          Julian P. T. Higgins, Douglas G. Altman, Peter C. Gøtzsche … (2014)
          Flaws in the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of randomised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more accurate
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            The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration

            Alessandro Liberati, Douglas G. Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff … (2010)
            Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarise evidence relating to efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, are not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users. Since the development of the QUOROM (quality of reporting of meta-analysis) statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realising these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions. The PRISMA statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this explanation and elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA statement, this document, and the associated website (www.prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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              Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range

              Xiang Wan, Wenqian Wang, Jiming Liu … (2014)
              Background In systematic reviews and meta-analysis, researchers often pool the results of the sample mean and standard deviation from a set of similar clinical trials. A number of the trials, however, reported the study using the median, the minimum and maximum values, and/or the first and third quartiles. Hence, in order to combine results, one may have to estimate the sample mean and standard deviation for such trials. Methods In this paper, we propose to improve the existing literature in several directions. First, we show that the sample standard deviation estimation in Hozo et al.’s method (BMC Med Res Methodol 5:13, 2005) has some serious limitations and is always less satisfactory in practice. Inspired by this, we propose a new estimation method by incorporating the sample size. Second, we systematically study the sample mean and standard deviation estimation problem under several other interesting settings where the interquartile range is also available for the trials. Results We demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods through simulation studies for the three frequently encountered scenarios, respectively. For the first two scenarios, our method greatly improves existing methods and provides a nearly unbiased estimate of the true sample standard deviation for normal data and a slightly biased estimate for skewed data. For the third scenario, our method still performs very well for both normal data and skewed data. Furthermore, we compare the estimators of the sample mean and standard deviation under all three scenarios and present some suggestions on which scenario is preferred in real-world applications. Conclusions In this paper, we discuss different approximation methods in the estimation of the sample mean and standard deviation and propose some new estimation methods to improve the existing literature. We conclude our work with a summary table (an Excel spread sheet including all formulas) that serves as a comprehensive guidance for performing meta-analysis in different situations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-135) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yongqing Ma:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6879-3996
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Miaomiao Yang: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Xiaodong Chen: Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: Supervision
                Weiguo Qu: Role: Project administrationRole: Resources
                Xiaofu Qu: Role: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: Supervision
                Ping He: Role: Writing – review & editing
                Sompop Bencharit: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLOS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 August 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0287833
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dalian Stomatological Hosipital, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
                [2 ] Department of Implantation, Dalian Stomatological Hosipital, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
                [3 ] Department of Prosthodontics, Dalian Stomatological Hosipital, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
                [4 ] VIP Clinic, Dalian Stomatological Hosipital, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
                [5 ] Department of Oral Surgery, Dalian Stomatological Hosipital, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
                Medical University of South Carolina, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6879-3996
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-23-08278
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287833
                PMC ID: 10414610
                PubMed ID: 37561792
                SO-VID: 63bb01c9-db74-450d-807a-cc65f5a59c1f
                Copyright © © 2023 Ma et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 21 March 2023
                Date accepted : 14 June 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 14, Tables: 2, Pages: 19
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Engineering and Technology
                Subject: Equipment
                Subject: Optical Equipment
                Subject: Lasers
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Cognitive Science
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Perception
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Perception
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Perception
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures
                Subject: Dental and Oral Procedures
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
                Subject: Statistical Methods
                Subject: Metaanalysis
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Mathematics
                Subject: Statistics
                Subject: Statistical Methods
                Subject: Metaanalysis
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Cancer Treatment
                Subject: Radiation Therapy
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Clinical Medicine
                Subject: Clinical Oncology
                Subject: Radiation Therapy
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Clinical Oncology
                Subject: Radiation Therapy
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Database and Informatics Methods
                Subject: Database Searching
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Clinical Medicine
                Subject: Clinical Trials
                Subject: Randomized Controlled Trials
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pharmacology
                Subject: Drug Research and Development
                Subject: Clinical Trials
                Subject: Randomized Controlled Trials
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Clinical Trials
                Subject: Randomized Controlled Trials
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

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