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      Quercetin: Its Main Pharmacological Activity and Potential Application in Clinical Medicine

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      Author(s): , , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
      Publisher: Hindawi

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          Abstract

          Quercetin is a flavonoid compound widely present in plants and exhibits a variety of biological activities. Research on quercetin has shown its potential for medical application. In this research, we elucidate its antioxidant mechanism and the broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiparasite properties; summarise its potential application in antioncology and cardiovascular protection and anti-immunosuppression treatment; and demonstrate its ability to alleviate the toxicity of mycotoxins. This research is expected to offer some insights and inspirations for the further study of quercetin, its properties, and the scientific basis for its better application in clinical practice.

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          Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity

          Yao Li, Jiaying Yao, Chunyan Han … (2016)
          In vitro and some animal models have shown that quercetin, a polyphenol derived from plants, has a wide range of biological actions including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities; as well as attenuating lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and capillary permeability. This review focuses on the physicochemical properties, dietary sources, absorption, bioavailability and metabolism of quercetin, especially main effects of quercetin on inflammation and immune function. According to the results obtained both in vitro and in vivo, good perspectives have been opened for quercetin. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better characterize the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of quercetin on inflammation and immunity.
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            Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies

            Gary Williamson, Claudine Manach, Christine Morand … (2005)
            Polyphenols are abundant micronutrients in our diet, and evidence for their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases is emerging. Bioavailability differs greatly from one polyphenol to another, so that the most abundant polyphenols in our diet are not necessarily those leading to the highest concentrations of active metabolites in target tissues. Mean values for the maximal plasma concentration, the time to reach the maximal plasma concentration, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve, the elimination half-life, and the relative urinary excretion were calculated for 18 major polyphenols. We used data from 97 studies that investigated the kinetics and extent of polyphenol absorption among adults, after ingestion of a single dose of polyphenol provided as pure compound, plant extract, or whole food/beverage. The metabolites present in blood, resulting from digestive and hepatic activity, usually differ from the native compounds. The nature of the known metabolites is described when data are available. The plasma concentrations of total metabolites ranged from 0 to 4 mumol/L with an intake of 50 mg aglycone equivalents, and the relative urinary excretion ranged from 0.3% to 43% of the ingested dose, depending on the polyphenol. Gallic acid and isoflavones are the most well-absorbed polyphenols, followed by catechins, flavanones, and quercetin glucosides, but with different kinetics. The least well-absorbed polyphenols are the proanthocyanidins, the galloylated tea catechins, and the anthocyanins. Data are still too limited for assessment of hydroxycinnamic acids and other polyphenols. These data may be useful for the design and interpretation of intervention studies investigating the health effects of polyphenols.
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              Overviews of Biological Importance of Quercetin: A Bioactive Flavonoid

              Alexander Anand David, Radhakrishnan Arulmoli, Subramani Parasuraman (2016)
              Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules such as free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic substances widely found in fruits and vegetables. The previous studies showed that the ingestion of flavonoids reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and certain types of cancer. These effects are due to the physiological activity of flavonoids in the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting low-density lipoproteins oxidation and platelet aggregation, and acting as vasodilators in blood vessels. Free radicals are constantly generated resulting in extensive damage to tissues leading to various disease conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's, renal diseases, cardiac abnormalities, etc., Medicinal plants with antioxidant properties play a vital functions in exhibiting beneficial effects and employed as an alternative source of medicine to mitigate the disease associated with oxidative stress. Flavonoids have existed over one billion years and possess wide spectrum of biological activities that might be able to influence processes which are dysregulated in a disease. Quercetin, a plant pigment is a potent antioxidant flavonoid and more specifically a flavonol, found mostly in onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus fruits. It is a versatile antioxidant known to possess protective abilities against tissue injury induced by various drug toxicities.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Miao Long:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-1956
                Peng Li:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-4887
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Oxid Med Cell Longev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Oxid Med Cell Longev
                Journal ID (publisher-id): OMCL
                Title: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 1942-0900
                ISSN (Electronic): 1942-0994
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 December 2020
                Volume: 2020
                Electronic Location Identifier: 8825387
                Affiliations
                Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Jos L. Quiles

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-1956
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-4887
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2020/8825387
                PMC ID: 7790550
                PubMed ID: 33488935
                SO-VID: 5f3f68c1-8df3-4ed1-84f4-f89ffb08c6aa
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 Dengyu Yang et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 7 August 2020
                Date revision received : 24 November 2020
                Date accepted : 14 December 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Liaoning Provincial Natural Fund Guidance Program Project
                Award ID: 2019-ZD-0708
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 31872538
                Award ID: 31772809
                Award ID: 31972746
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine

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