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      Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution by an Efficient Low Cost Biosorbent Translated title: Entfernung von Blei aus wässriger Lösung mit Hilfe eines effizienten und preiswerten Bioadsobens

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          Abstract

          Removal of Pb(II) ion from aqueous solution on modified sawdust obtained from Morus alba was investigated. The sample was characterized by BET surface area, EDX, FTIR and Zeta potential technique. The surface contains carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups which act as binding sites for Pb(II) ion. Adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) on sawdust was tested by pseudo first order, Elovich and parabolic diffusion kinetic equations. The adsorption data were found to fit to Freundlich, Langmuir and Tempkin isotherms. The rate of adsorption was high at high temperature. Thermodynamic parameters like ΔH, ΔS and ΔG were calculated from the kinetic data. The positive values of ΔS reflect some structural exchange among the active site of the adsorbent and metal ion. The negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) show the spontaneous nature of the process.

          Kurzfassung

          Es wurde die Entfernung von zweiwertigem Blei (Pb(II)-Ionen) aus wässriger Lösung mittels Sägemehl aus Morus alba (Maulbeerbaum) untersucht. Die Probe wurde mittels BET-Oberflächen-, EDX-, FTIR- und Zetrapotentialmessungen charakterisiert. Die auf der Oberfläche befindlichen funktionellen Carbonyl- und Hydroxylgruppen agieren als Bindungsstellen für Pb(II)-Ionen. Die Adsorptionskinetik von Pb(II)-Ionen auf Sägemehl wurde als Pseudo-Erste-Ordnung-Kinetik, mit der Elovich-Gleichung und als parabolische Diffusionskinetik beschrieben. Die Adsorptionsergebnisse ließen sich an die Freundlich-, Langmuir- und die Tempkin-Isotherme anpassen. Die Adsorptionsgeschwindigkeit war bei hohen Temperaturen groß. Die thermodynamischen Parameter ΔH, ΔS and ΔG wurden aus den kinetischen Daten berechnet. Die positiven ΔS-Werte spiegeln den Strukturaustausch zwischen den aktiven Plätzen des Adsorbens und dem Metallion wieder. Die negative Freie Gibbs-Energie (ΔG) zeigt die Spontanität des Vorgangs.

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          Adsorption studies on the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using a low cost fertilizer industry waste material.

          Low cost fertilizer industry waste material called carbon slurry, produced in generators of fuel oil-based industrial generators, was converted into an effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. The waste was chemically treated, activated, characterized, and used for the adsorption of chromium. The work involves batch experiments to investigate the effect of contact time, pH, temperature, concentration, and adsorbent dose on the extent of adsorption by carbon slurry. The maximum adsorption was found at 70min, 2.0 pH, 4.0g/L dose, and 303K temperature. Maximum adsorption capacity (15.24mg/g) of Cr(VI) on carbon slurry was observed at 100mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to analyze adsorption data, and both were found to be applicable to this adsorption system, in terms of relatively high regression values. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto carbon slurry was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic under the studied conditions. Kinetics of adsorption was found to follow the pseudo-second-order rate equation. Column studies have been carried out to compare these with the batch capacities. The recovery of Cr(VI) and chemical regeneration of the spent column have also been tried. In all, the results indicated that the adsorbent used in this work proved to be effective material for the treatment of chromium-bearing aqueous solutions. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water.

            Sawdust, a relatively abundant and inexpensive material is currently being investigated as an adsorbent to remove contaminants from water. Chemical substances including dyes, oil, toxic salts and heavy metals can be removed very effectively with the organic material. This article presents a brief review on the role of sawdust in the removal of contaminants. Studies on the adsorption of various pollutants by different sawdust materials are reviewed and the adsorption mechanism, influencing factors, favorable conditions, etc. discussed in this paper. Some valuable guidelines can be drawn for either scientific research or industrial design.
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              Process development for the removal of lead and chromium from aqueous solutions using red mud--an aluminium industry waste.

              Red mud, an aluminium industry waste, has been converted into an inexpensive and efficient adsorbent and used for the removal of lead and chromium from aqueous solutions. Effect of various factors on the removal of these metal ions from water (e.g. pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, temperature, particle size, etc.) has been studied and discussed. The effect of presence of other metal ions/surfactants on the removal of Pb2+ and Cr6+ has also been studied. The material exhibits good adsorption capacity and the data follow both Freundlich and Langmuir models. Thermodynamic parameters indicate the feasibility of the process. Kinetic studies have been performed to understand the mechanism of adsorption. Dynamic modelling of lead and chromium removal on red mud has been undertaken and found to follow first-order kinetics. The rate constant and mass transfer coefficient have also been evaluated under optimum conditions of removal in order to understand the mechanism. Column studies have been carried out to compare these with batch capacities. The recovery of Pb2+ and Cr6+ and chemical regeneration of the spent column have also been tried.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tsd
                Tenside Surfactants Detergents
                Carl Hanser Verlag
                0932-3414
                2195-8564
                2012
                : 49
                : 2
                : 100-106
                Affiliations
                1 Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan, Azmat Ullah
                2 Department of Chemistry, AWK University, Mardan, Pakistan
                Author notes
                [] Correspondence to Dr. Sultan Alam, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan, E-Mail: sultangsh@ 123456yahoo.com

                Dr. Sultan Alam is Assistant Professor in Physical Chemistry, University of Malakand, at Chakdara, Dir (L), Pakistan. He received his M.Sc in 1996 and Ph.D in 2008 from Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar. His research interest includes, conversion of low cost precursors into activated carbon like agricultural waste material, fast growing wood and animal bones, regeneration of industrial spent carbon, characterization of adsorbents by pH, moisture content, ash content, surface area (BET, DR, BJH, and Langmuir), pore size distribution, FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDS, surface chemistry at solid-liquid interface i. e. Activated carbon, Clays and Soil, removal of organic and in-organic pollutants from aqueous solutions by active adsorbents like activated carbon, clays and soil, breakthrough technique for the utilization of low cost adsorbents into industrial effluents treatments.

                Dr. Muhammad Sadiq received his M.Sc (Chemistry) in 2002 from University of Peshawar. He got his M. Phil and Ph.D Degree in Physical Chemistry in 2005 and 2009, respectively, from National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar. He went to Uppsala University, Sweden in 2008 for research project. At present he is working as assistant professor in Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand. His research work focuses on homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysis, photo catalysis, mechanistic studies of catalytic reactions, various batch reactors design, and partial oxidation reaction in both gas and liquid phase and reduction of NOx by metal oxide. Activated carbon and its characterization for pollution control prepared from agricultural waste material.

                Dr. Zahid Hussain is Assistant Professor in AWK University, Mardan, Pakistan and currently working in the field of environmental analysis (Solid waste disposal).

                Dr. Noorul Amin is Assistant Professor in AWK University, Mardan, Pakistan and currently working in the field of environmental chemistry.

                Mr. Mashooq Khan and Mr. Azmat Ullah are Ph.D research student in the Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. They are working in research group of Dr. Sultan Alam. Their field of specialization is characterization of adsorbents, surface chemistry and waste water treatment.

                Article
                TS110170
                10.3139/113.110170
                51afdb80-0bf4-4c2d-9bff-d2b4af92260d
                © 2012, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
                History
                : 22 August 2011
                : 31 October 2011
                Page count
                References: 50, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Environmental Chemistry

                Chemistry,Pharmaceutical chemistry,Analytical chemistry,General chemistry
                Biosorbent,characterization,lead,adsorption kinetics,thermodynamic parameters,Biosorbens (biologische Adsorptionsmittel),Charakterisierung,Blei,Adsorptionskinetik,thermodynamische Parameter

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