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      SARS-CoV-2 mutations among minks show reduced lethality and infectivity to humans

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      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          SARS-CoV-2 infection in minks has become a serious problem, as the virus may mutate and reinfect humans; some countries have decided to cull minks. Here, the virus sequencing data in minks were analysed and compared to those of human-virus. Although the mink-virus maintained the characteristics of human-virus, some variants rapidly mutated, adapting to minks. Some mink-derived variants infected humans, which accounted for 40% of the total SARS-CoV-2 cases in the Netherlands. These variants appear to be less lethal and infective compared to those in humans. Variants that have mutated further among minks were not found in humans. Such mink-viruses might be suitable for vaccination for humans, such as in the case of the smallpox virus, which is less infective and toxic to humans.

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          Data, disease and diplomacy: GISAID's innovative contribution to global health

          Stefan Elbe, Gemma L. Buckland-Merrett (2017)
          Abstract The international sharing of virus data is critical for protecting populations against lethal infectious disease outbreaks. Scientists must rapidly share information to assess the nature of the threat and develop new medical countermeasures. Governments need the data to trace the extent of the outbreak, initiate public health responses, and coordinate access to medicines and vaccines. Recent outbreaks suggest, however, that the sharing of such data cannot be taken for granted – making the timely international exchange of virus data a vital global challenge. This article undertakes the first analysis of the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data as an innovative policy effort to promote the international sharing of genetic and associated influenza virus data. Based on more than 20 semi‐structured interviews conducted with key informants in the international community, coupled with analysis of a wide range of primary and secondary sources, the article finds that the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data contributes to global health in at least five ways: (1) collating the most complete repository of high‐quality influenza data in the world; (2) facilitating the rapid sharing of potentially pandemic virus information during recent outbreaks; (3) supporting the World Health Organization's biannual seasonal flu vaccine strain selection process; (4) developing informal mechanisms for conflict resolution around the sharing of virus data; and (5) building greater trust with several countries key to global pandemic preparedness.
          Article 0 comments Cited 972 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms between humans and mink and back to humans

            Bas Oude Munnink, Reina S Sikkema, David Nieuwenhuijse … (2020)
            Two-way transmission on mink farms Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic virus—one that spilled over from another species to infect and transmit among humans. We know that humans can infect other animals with SARS-CoV-2, such as domestic cats and even tigers in zoos. Oude Munnink et al. used whole-genome sequencing to show that SARS-CoV-2 infections were rife among mink farms in the southeastern Netherlands, all of which are destined to be closed by March 2021 (see the Perspective by Zhou and Shi). Toward the end of June 2020, 68% of mink farm workers tested positive for the virus or had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. These large clusters of infection were initiated by human COVID-19 cases with viruses that bear the D614G mutation. Sequencing has subsequently shown that mink-to-human transmission also occurred. More work must be done to understand whether there is a risk that mustelids may become a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Science, this issue p. 172; see also p. 120
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              Robust Locally Weighted Regression and Smoothing Scatterplots

              William Cleveland (1979)
              Article 0 comments Cited 443 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Tomokazu Konishi:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-6265
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Dong-Yan Jin: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 May 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 26 May 2021
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0247626
                Affiliations
                [001]Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
                University of Hong Kong, HONG KONG
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-6265
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-21-04793
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247626
                PMC ID: 8153470
                PubMed ID: 34038423
                SO-VID: 4e5a1a9a-540e-41ef-9bc3-005e5d9d5cff
                Copyright © © 2021 Tomokazu Konishi
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 12 February 2021
                Date accepted : 16 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Pages: 8
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Medical Conditions
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Respiratory Infections
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Medical Conditions
                Subject: Respiratory Disorders
                Subject: Respiratory Infections
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pulmonology
                Subject: Respiratory Disorders
                Subject: Respiratory Infections
                Subject: Biology and life sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Viruses
                Subject: RNA viruses
                Subject: Coronaviruses
                Subject: SARS coronavirus
                Subject: SARS CoV 2
                Subject: Biology and life sciences
                Subject: Microbiology
                Subject: Medical microbiology
                Subject: Microbial pathogens
                Subject: Viral pathogens
                Subject: Coronaviruses
                Subject: SARS coronavirus
                Subject: SARS CoV 2
                Subject: Medicine and health sciences
                Subject: Pathology and laboratory medicine
                Subject: Pathogens
                Subject: Microbial pathogens
                Subject: Viral pathogens
                Subject: Coronaviruses
                Subject: SARS coronavirus
                Subject: SARS CoV 2
                Subject: Biology and life sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Viruses
                Subject: Viral pathogens
                Subject: Coronaviruses
                Subject: SARS coronavirus
                Subject: SARS CoV 2
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
                Subject: Statistical Methods
                Subject: Multivariate Analysis
                Subject: Principal Component Analysis
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Mathematics
                Subject: Statistics
                Subject: Statistical Methods
                Subject: Multivariate Analysis
                Subject: Principal Component Analysis
                Subject: People and places
                Subject: Geographical locations
                Subject: Europe
                Subject: European Union
                Subject: Denmark
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Microbiology
                Subject: Microbial Mutation
                Subject: People and places
                Subject: Geographical locations
                Subject: Europe
                Subject: European Union
                Subject: Netherlands
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Agriculture
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Medical Conditions
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Viral Diseases
                Subject: Covid 19
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability Data are available from figshare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13385192.v1.
                Outbreaks COVID-19

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