An Ultrasmall Fe ₃ O ₄ ‐Decorated Polydopamine Hybrid Nanozyme Enables Continuous Conversion of Oxygen into Toxic Hydroxyl Radical via GSH‐Depleted Cascade Redox Reactions for Intensive Wound Disinfection

The next new disease Emerging infectious diseases are a major threat to health: AIDS, SARS, drug-resistant bacteria and Ebola virus are among the more recent examples. By identifying emerging disease 'hotspots', the thinking goes, it should be possible to spot health risks at an early stage and prepare containment strategies. An analysis of over 300 examples of disease emerging between 1940 and 2004 suggests that these hotspots can be accurately mapped based on socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors. The data show that the surveillance effort, and much current research spending, is concentrated in developed economies, yet the risk maps point to developing countries as the more likely source of new diseases. Supplementary information The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nature06536) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Tailored to the specific tumour microenvironment, which involves acidity and the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide, advanced nanotechnology has been introduced to generate the hydroxyl radical (. OH) primarily for tumour chemodynamic therapy (CDT) through the Fenton and Fenton-like reactions. Numerous studies have investigated the enhancement of CDT efficiency, primarily the increase in the amount of . OH generated. Notably, various strategies based on the Fenton reaction have been employed to enhance . OH generation, including nanomaterials selection, modulation of the reaction environment, and external energy fields stimulation, which are discussed systematically in this Minireview. Furthermore, the potential challenges and the methods used to facilitate CDT effectiveness are also presented to support this cutting-edge research area.