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      Application of P(VDF-TrFE) Glass Coating for Robust Harmonic Nanoparticles Characterization

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          Abstract

          Polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers are a well-known family of low-cost ferroelectric materials widely used for the fabrication of devices for a wide range of applications. A biocompatibility, high optical quality, chemical and mechanical durability of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene), (P(VDF–TrFE)), makes it particularly attractive for designing of effective coating layers for different diagnostic techniques. In the present work, the nonlinear optical characterization of P(VDF-TrFE)-coating films deposited onto a glass substrate was done. Advantages of the coating application for cells/substrates in the field of multiphoton imaging the efficiency of such coating layer for long-duration characterization of so-called harmonic nanoparticles (HNPs) were shown. The influence of glass surface protection by P(VDF-TrFE) film from an effect of HNPs sticking to the walls of the flow-cell was analyzed for effective studying of the optical harmonics generation efficiency of HNPs making the analysis more robust.

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          Ferroelectric polymers.

          A Lovinger (1983)
          Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity, traditionally encountered in certain single crystals and ceramics, have now also been documented in a number of polymers. Recently, one such polymer-poly(vinylidene fluoride)-and some of its copolymers have been shown to be ferroelectric as well. The extraordinary molecular and supermolecular structural requirements for ferroelectric behavior in polymers are discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on poly(vinylidene fluoride). Piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties are also briefly reviewed, as are some promising applications of such polymers.
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            Investigation into the antibacterial behaviour of suspensions of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO nanofluids)

            Lingling Zhang, Yunhong Jiang, Yulong Ding … (2007)
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              Multiscale-structuring of polyvinylidene fluoride for energy harvesting: the impact of molecular-, micro- and macro-structure

              Christopher Bowen, Chaoying Wan (2017)
              Energy harvesting exploits ambient sources of energy such as mechanical loads, vibrations, human motion, waste heat, light or chemical sources and converts them into useful electrical energy. Energy harvesting exploits ambient sources of energy such as mechanical loads, vibrations, human motion, waste heat, light or chemical sources and converts them into useful electrical energy. The applications for energy harvesting include low power electronics or wireless sensing at relatively lower power levels (nW to mW) with an aim to reduce a reliance on batteries or electrical power via cables and realise fully autonomous and self-powered systems. This review focuses on flexible energy harvesting system based on polyvinylidene fluoride based polymers, with an emphasis on manipulating and optimising the properties and performance of the polymeric materials and related nanocomposites through structuring the material at multiple scales. Ferroelectric properties are described and the potential of using the polarisation of the materials for vibration and thermal harvesting using piezo- and pyro-electric effects are explained. Approaches to tailor the ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of polymer materials are explored in detail; these include the influence of polymer processing conditions, heat treatment, nanoconfinement, blending, forming nanocomposites and electrospinning. Finally, examples of flexible harvesting devices that utilise the optimised ferroelectric polymer or nanocomposite systems are described and potential applications and future directions of research explored.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Micromachines (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Micromachines (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): micromachines
                Title: Micromachines
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2072-666X
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 January 2021
                Publication date Collection: January 2021
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 41
                Affiliations
                [1 ]International Center “Institute of Applied Optics”, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kudryavska Street 10G, 04053 Kyiv, Ukraine; ilchenko@ 123456iao.kiev.ua (S.G.I.); kit@ 123456iao.kiev.ua (R.A.L.); victor.taranenko@ 123456iao.kiev.ua (V.B.T.)
                [2 ]Institute of Physics, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 46, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine; multian.v.v@ 123456gmail.com (V.V.M.); vlad@ 123456iop.kiev.ua (V.Y.G.)
                [3 ]Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; nino@ 123456unicz.it
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: pullano@ 123456unicz.it
                [†]

                Authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6924-2225
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-9275
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-6637
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-1698
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-7804
                Article
                Publisher ID: micromachines-12-00041
                DOI: 10.3390/mi12010041
                PMC ID: 7823300
                PubMed ID: 33401402
                SO-VID: 11dee900-8cc0-42b3-935c-982726ddcc5f
                Copyright © © 2021 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 01 December 2020
                Date accepted : 28 December 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: p(vdf-trfe) coating,laser beam self-action,optical damage threshold,third harmonic generation,harmonic nanoparticles
                Data availability:
                Keywords: p(vdf-trfe) coating, laser beam self-action, optical damage threshold, third harmonic generation, harmonic nanoparticles

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