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      Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Intranasal Live-attenuated Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2

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          Abstract

          Global deployment of an effective and safe vaccine is necessary to curtail the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we evaluated a Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based vectored-vaccine in mice and hamsters for its immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Intranasal administration of recombinant (r)NDV-S vaccine expressing spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 to mice induced high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG2a antibodies and T cell-mediated immunity. Hamsters immunised with two doses of vaccine showed complete protection from lung infection, inflammation, and pathological lesions following SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Importantly, administration of two doses of intranasal rNDV-S vaccine significantly reduced the SARS-CoV-2 shedding in nasal turbinate and lungs in hamsters. Collectively, intranasal vaccination has the potential to control infection at the site of inoculation, which should prevent both clinical disease and virus transmission to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Journal ID (nlm-ta): iScience
          Journal ID (iso-abbrev): iScience
          Title: iScience
          Publisher: The Author(s).
          ISSN (Electronic): 2589-0042
          Publication date PMC-release: 4 August 2021
          Publication date (Electronic): 4 August 2021
          Electronic Location Identifier: 102941
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Host-Pathogen Interactions and Population Health Programs, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
          [2 ]Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
          [3 ]Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
          [4 ]Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Immunology Group, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 80200, Saudi Arabia
          [5 ]Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Microbiology Group, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 80200, Saudi Arabia
          [6 ]Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, P.O. Box 77388, Saudi Arabia
          [7 ]The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
          Author notes
          [∗ ]Corresponding author (MM)
          [+]

          Contributed equally

          Article
          Publisher Item ID: S2589-0042(21)00909-3 Publisher ID: 102941
          DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102941
          PMC ID: 8332743
          PubMed ID: 34368648
          SO-VID: 100cbf36-ac8f-4cf3-8d39-81cd0001551d
          Copyright © © 2021 The Author(s)
          License:

          Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

          History
          Date received : 20 March 2021
          Date revision received : 27 June 2021
          Date accepted : 30 July 2021
          Categories
          Subject: Article

          Keywords: vaccines,sars-cov-2,covid-19,pandemic,viral infection,immunity
          Data availability:
          Keywords: vaccines, sars-cov-2, covid-19, pandemic, viral infection, immunity

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