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      Representações sociais sobre saúde e meio ambiente para equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família Translated title: Social representations on health and environment for the Family Health Strategy teams

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          Abstract

          Resumo Atualmente, sabe-se que as questões que envolvem a saúde possuem uma relação com diversos determinantes, dentre os quais, o meio ambiente merece destaque especial. Nesse sentido, a relação saúde e meio ambiente é um importante aspecto a ser considerado, particularmente nas práticas de trabalhadores das equipes de Estratégias Saúde da Família (ESF). O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer as representações sociais sobre saúde e meio ambiente para equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família. É um estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório, baseado na teoria das representações sociais. Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e junho de 2016, em um município localizado no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram deste estudo 19 trabalhadores de ESF. Os dados foram analisados conforme análise de conteúdo temática, buscando-se o núcleo central da representação social e os elementos periféricos. A partir da análise dos dados delineou-se a seguinte representação: a salubridade do território. Os elementos periféricos relacionados à representação são: água, resíduos sólidos urbanos e agrotóxicos e poluição atmosférica. Conclui-se que a compreensão da relação saúde e meio ambiente está intrinsecamente relacionada com os danos que o meio ambiente pode causar na saúde.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Currently, it is well known that issues involving health are related to several determinants, among which the environment should be highlighted. In this sense, the relation between health and environment is an important aspect to be considered, especially in the practices of workers within the Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams. The objective of this study was to know the social representations about health and environment for Family Health Strategy teams. This is a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study, based on the social representations theory. Data were collected from February to June 2016, in a municipality located in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul State, through documentary research and semi-structured interviews. Overall, 19 Family Health Strategy workers participated in this study. The data were analyzed according to thematic content analysis, seeking the central nucleus of social representation and the peripheral elements. From the analysis of the data the following representation was outlined: The salubrity of the territory. The peripheral elements related with representation are: water, municipal solid waste, and agrochemicals and atmospheric pollution. We concluded that the understanding of the relationship between health and environment is intrinsically related to the damages the environment can bring to health.

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          Pit Latrines and Their Impacts on Groundwater Quality: A Systematic Review

          Background: Pit latrines are one of the most common human excreta disposal systems in low-income countries, and their use is on the rise as countries aim to meet the sanitation-related target of the Millennium Development Goals. There is concern, however, that discharges of chemical and microbial contaminants from pit latrines to groundwater may negatively affect human health. Objectives: Our goals were to a) calculate global pit latrine coverage, b) systematically review empirical studies of the impacts of pit latrines on groundwater quality, c) evaluate latrine siting standards, and d) identify knowledge gaps regarding the potential for and consequences of groundwater contamination by latrines. Methods: We used existing survey and population data to calculate global pit latrine coverage. We reviewed the scientific literature on the occurrence of contaminants originating from pit latrines and considered the factors affecting transport of these contaminants. Data were extracted from peer-reviewed articles, books, and reports identified using Web of ScienceSM, PubMed, Google, and document reference lists. Discussion: We estimated that approximately 1.77 billion people use pit latrines as their primary means of sanitation. Studies of pit latrines and groundwater are limited and have generally focused on only a few indicator contaminants. Although groundwater contamination is frequently observed downstream of latrines, contaminant transport distances, recommendations based on empirical studies, and siting guidelines are variable and not well aligned with one another. Conclusions: In order to improve environmental and human health, future research should examine a larger set of contextual variables, improve measurement approaches, and develop better criteria for siting pit latrines.
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            Levels of ambient air pollution according to mode of transport: a systematic review

            Controversy exists about the differences in air pollution exposure and inhalation dose between mode of transport. We aimed to review air pollution exposure and inhaled dose according to mode of transport and pollutant and their effect in terms of years of life expectancy (YLE).
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              An assessment of the impacts of pesticide use on the environment and health of rice farmers in Sierra Leone.

              One of the biggest challenges faced by Sierra Leonean farmers is pest control. Birds, rodents, insects, crustaceans and other organisms can drastically reduce yields. In order to prevent these organisms from destroying their crop, farmers use pesticides. However there are reports that these chemicals are being misused and such misuse is having a negative impact on the environment and the health of the farmers. This research study aimed to investigate the use of pesticides in rice fields and its potential effects on the environment and on the farmers of Sierra Leone. Five hundred farmers and one hundred health workers across the country were interviewed. Fifty focus group discussions were also completed. Field observations were also undertaken to see how farmers apply pesticides to their farms and the possible threats these methods have on human health and the environment. It is clear that a wide range of pesticides are used by rice farmers in Sierra Leone with 60% of the pesticides used entering the country illegally. Most farmers have no knowledge about the safe handling of pesticides as 71% of them have never received any form of training. The pesticides kill both target and non-target organisms some of which enter the food chain. Cases of health problems such as nausea, respiratory disorders and blurred vision investigated in this research are significantly higher among farmers who use pesticides than those who do not use pesticides. Cases of pesticide intoxication are not investigated by health workers but results obtained from interviews with them also indicated that cases of pesticides related symptoms are significantly higher in environments where pesticides are used than those in which pesticides are not used.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                sausoc
                Saúde e Sociedade
                Saude soc.
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Associação Paulista de Saúde Pública. (, SP, Brazil )
                0104-1290
                1984-0470
                March 2018
                : 27
                : 1
                : 163-174
                Affiliations
                [4] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermagem Brazil cezarvaz@ 123456vetorial.net
                [1] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermagem Brazil gidias18@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermagem Brazil valdecircosta2005@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [6] Uruguaiana Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Pampa orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermagem Brazil lsc_enf@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [2] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermagem Brazil silviaufsm@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [5] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermagem Brazil weiller2@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S0104-12902018000100163
                10.1590/s0104-12902018170658
                0a112bc0-a8b1-4fe5-b1c4-d3efe8ccceea

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 August 2017
                : 29 December 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Saúde,Representações Sociais,Psicologia Social,Family Health Strategy,Health Professionals,Environment,Health,Social Representations,Social Psychology,Saúde da Família,Profissionais de Saúde,Meio Ambiente

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