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      Estudo clinicopatológico de 106 adenomas pleomórficos de glândula salivar maior Translated title: A clinicopathologic study of 106 pleomorphic adenomas of the major salivary glands

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: O adenoma pleomórfico (AP) é o mais comum dos tumores das glândulas salivares. Transformação maligna pode ocorrer após recorrências ou em casos com longo tempo de evolução. OBJETIVO: Analisar os aspectos clinicoepidemiológicos e anatomopatológicos do AP de glândula salivar maior, principalmente os considerados indício de transformação maligna. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 106 casos de AP pela pesquisa retrospectiva nos prontuários clínicos e revisão das preparações histológicas. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 39,51 anos, houve predomínio do sexo feminino (69,5%), a glândula parótida foi a mais acometida (86,8%) e o tempo de evolução foi superior a um ano em 76,74% dos casos, com tamanho tumoral de 3,48 cm em média. A avaliação histopatológica demonstrou cápsula tumoral incompleta e delgada em 49% dos casos. Protrusões para a cápsula ou extensão extracapsular foram infreqüentes, 11,32% e 8,49%, respectivamente. A matriz extracelular variou entre mixocondróide (41,5%), mixóide (36,8%), condróide (3,8%) e fibrótica (1,9%), tendo sido observadas associações entre os diversos tipos. O componente epitelial/mioepitelial constituiu 50% ou mais do tumor em 65,1% dos casos e estava disposto em arranjos cordonal (86,8%), ductal (81,1%), sólido (40,6%), cístico (20,7%) e em "paliçada" (8,49%). Metaplasia escamosa ocorreu em 16,04% dos casos. Alterações histopatológicas relacionadas com transformação maligna foram incomuns: hialinização extensa (4,7%) e necrose (0,9%). CONCLUSÕES: confirma-se a diversidade histopatológica do AP. Características associadas a transformação maligna não foram freqüentes na amostra.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: Pleomorphic adenomas (PA) are the most common histologic type of salivary gland tumors. Malignant transformation may occur in the setting of recurrent or longstanding disease. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of PA of the major salivary glands, particularly tumors showing signs of malignant transformation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical and histopathologic characteristics of 106 cases of PA were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 39.5 years. There was a predominance of female patients (69.5%). The parotid was the most commonly affected gland (86.8%). The tumor had been present for over a year in 76.74% of the cases, with a mean size of 3.48 cm. Histologic examination revealed a thin and incomplete capsule in 49% of the cases; however, protrusions into the capsule or extracapsular extension were infrequent (11.32% and 8.49%, respectively). The extracellular matrix varied from myxochondroid (41.5%), myxoid (36.8%), chondroid (3.8%) and fibrotic (1.9%); coexisting patterns were observed. The myoepithelial-epithelial component corresponded to 50% or more of the tumor in 65.1% of the cases, and was solid (40.6%), cystic (20.7%), arranged in cords (86.8%), ducts (81.1%) and had a palisading configuration (8.49%). Squamous metaplasia was present in 16.04% of the cases. Features associated with malignant transformation were incommon: extensive hyalinization (4,7%) and necrosis (0,9%). CONCLUSION: The histopathologic diversity of PA was confirmed. Features associated to malignant transformation were unfrequent.

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          Most cited references35

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          Salivary gland tumours. A review of 2410 cases with particular reference to histological types, site, age and sex distribution.

          To date the British Salivary Gland Tumour Panel has accumulated 2569 salivary gland tumours. Of these, 2410 were primary epithelial salivary gland tumours and these formed the basis of the present study. The diagnosis of individual tumours was based on the World Health Organisation classification. Tumours were analysed according to histological type, site, age and sex. The principal site was the parotid and the combined minor (oropharyngeal) glands formed the second largest group. Pleomorphic adenomas formed the largest group of tumours in most sites, but were particularly common in the parotid. The frequency of malignant tumours increased with age after the third decade and was maximal in the eighth decade. Malignant tumours were more common in the submandibular and the minor glands than in the parotid. In the sublingual gland six out of seven tumours were malignant.
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            Salivary gland tumors in a Brazilian population: a retrospective study of 496 cases.

            Salivary gland tumors are uncommon and the microscopical features can be complex. Epidemiological data of these tumors in the various parts of the world can be helpful for a better understanding of its biology and clinical characteristics. In this study, 496 epithelial and mesenchymal tumors of major and minor salivary glands diagnosed at Londrina Cancer Institute during the period from 1972 to 2001 were reviewed. Out of all cases, 335 (67.5%) were classified as benign and 161 (32.5%) as malignant. The majority of the cases occurred in the parotid gland (67.7%), followed by the minor salivary glands (22.8%) and submandibular gland (9.5%). Among the minor salivary gland tumors, the palate was the most frequent location (67%). The tumors affected more commonly adult patients with peak incidence between 40 and 50 years of age and with a slightly predominance in females. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent tumor representing 54.2% of all cases, followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (13.5%), Warthin's tumor (8.5%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (7.9%).
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              Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: pathologic analysis of 73 cases.

              Pathologic factors of predictive value for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), an aggressive salivary gland malignancy, are poorly defined. Because residual mixed tumor may be relatively inconspicuous and various carcinoma subtypes are encountered, misdiagnosis is common. To describe the pathologic features and identify potential prognostic factors, we retrospectively examined 73 cases of CXPA of the major salivary glands treated at Mayo Clinic. Paraffin section immunostaining for keratins (AE1/AE3, CK7, CK20), epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, vimentin, actin, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and p53 and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins was performed in 69 cases. DNA content and proliferation indices were determined by digital image analysis of Feulgen- and MIB-I-stained sections, retrospectively. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic variables were analyzed with the log-rank test. The carcinoma component was predominant in 82% of tumors. Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (31 cases) and salivary duct carcinoma (24 cases) were the most frequent histologic subtypes. Sixty-two tumors were high grade (Broders 3 or 4). Residual mixed tumor was extensively hyalinized in 54 cases. Pathologic features significantly associated with overall survival included pathologic stage (P =.009), tumor size (P =.012), grade (P =.005), proportion of carcinoma (P =.004), extent of invasion (P =.002), and proliferation index of carcinoma (P =.03). Of 4 patients with intracapsular (noninvasive) carcinoma, none had an adverse outcome. The immunohistochemical profile of CXPA included positive staining reactions in the malignant component for AE1/AE3 in 97% of cases, CK7 in 94%, epithelial membrane antigen in 86%, carcinoembryonic antigen in 75%, vimentin in 52%, and S-100 protein in 29%. Expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins was detected in 41% and 30% of the carcinomas, respectively, but neither was associated with decreased survival. High-grade salivary adenocarcinoma that is difficult to classify should raise the suspicion of possible CXPA. Intracapsular carcinoma has a benign clinical course. Significant prognostic factors in CXPA include tumor stage, grade, proportion of carcinoma, extent of invasion, and proliferation index. Copyright 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jbpml
                Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
                J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1676-2444
                1678-4774
                October 2007
                : 43
                : 5
                : 347-354
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia
                [02] orgnameFaculdade de Odontologia do Recife
                [07] orgnameUPE orgdiv1FOP orgdiv2Laboratório de Patologia Bucal
                [03] orgnameUFPE orgdiv1Departamento de Anatomia Patológica orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia
                [04] orgnameUniversidade de Pernambuco orgdiv1Faculdade de Odontologia
                [05] orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Odontologia
                [06] orgnameHospital de Câncer de Pernambuco orgdiv1Departamento de Patologia
                Article
                S1676-24442007000500007 S1676-2444(07)04300507
                003d6329-ee2b-44f9-8427-a13d6e75e3f5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 July 2007
                : 06 September 2006
                : 11 May 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Patologia

                Transformação maligna,Pathology,Adenoma pleomórfico,Major salivary glands,Malignant transformation,Patologia,Glândulas salivares maiores,Pleomorphic adenoma

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