1
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Análise crítica do cortisol salivar na avaliação do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal Translated title: Salivary cortisol on the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          A dosagem do cortisol salivar, que avalia a fração livre do hormônio, tem se tornado cada vez mais popular, com vários ensaios comerciais disponíveis. Neste artigo avaliamos criticamente os diferentes ensaios disponíveis para dosagem de cortisol salivar e suas aplicações em situações fisiológicas e patológicas. Esta técnica tem se mostrado útil para o estudo do ritmo circadiano do cortisol e para a avaliação de insuficiência adrenal, nos primeiros dias de vida de recém-nascidos a termo e pré-termo. Adicionalmente, tem sido utilizada para avaliar o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HHA) em alterações da função cognitiva, em situações de estresse, ansiedade, depressão, síndrome do pânico, na avaliação da privação de sono em pacientes trabalhadores noturnos e naqueles com fadiga crônica. Recentemente, a dosagem de cortisol salivar têm sido empregada no diagnóstico da síndrome de Cushing (SC), inclusive em crianças: sua dosagem às 24:00h apresenta sensibilidade diagnóstica superior a todos os outros parâmetros para detectar pacientes com a condição, mesmo naqueles com hipercortisolismo intermitente ou leve. Utilizando a dosagem do cortisol salivar, avaliamos a acurácia diagnóstica do teste de supressão com dexametasona (DEX, 8mg e 24mg) no diagnóstico diferencial da SC. Nossos dados sugerem que a medida do cortisol salivar, quando comparada ao cortisol plasmático, melhora a acurácia diagnóstica do teste de supressão com altas doses de DEX, mesmo utilizando critérios mais rigorosos. É importante que o pesquisador e o clínico estejam cientes das possíveis diferenças geradas pelos diferentes ensaios, para interpretarem adequadamente os intervalos de referências. Os ensaios para cortisol salivar devem ser padronizados e interpretados com base em valores de corte, obtidos em cada laboratório, utilizando amostras de controles normais da população, de obesos e de pacientes com pseudo-Cushing e SC comprovada. Os laboratórios de pesquisa ou laboratórios comerciais devem, desta forma, realizar a validação de seus ensaios para dosagem de cortisol salivar, tornando-os mais disponíveis à prática clínica.

          Translated abstract

          Measurement of salivary cortisol, which evaluates the free form of the hormone, has become popular following the development of commercial assays. This article evaluates the different assays available for measurement of salivary cortisol, and its clinical application in some physiological and pathological conditions. Measurement of salivary cortisol has been extensively used to evaluate cortisol circadian rhythm and adrenal insufficiency, in the first days of life of full-term and pre-term infants, and to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activity in adults and children with cognitive impairment, major depression, stress, anxiety, panic syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and sleep deprivation in shift workers. Measurement of salivary cortisol is also used in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome, in adults and children. These studies demonstrate that midnight salivary cortisol measurement has higher diagnostic sensitivity compared to all other previously analyzed parameters, in detecting Cushing syndrome (CS), even in patients with intermittent or mild hypercortisolism. Using salivary cortisol measurement, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the high dose dexamethasone (DEX, 8mg and 24 mg) suppression test in the differential diagnosis of CS. Our data suggest that salivary cortisol compared to plasma cortisol improved the diagnostic accuracy of high dose DEX suppression tests, even using more rigorous criteria of suppression. It is critical that researchers and clinicians must be aware of the differences generated in different salivary cortisol assays, in order to interpret the intervals of references adequately. Thus, salivary cortisol assays should be chosen and interpreted based on assay-specific normative data in combination with results from patients suspected but proven not to have CS. We also suggest that commercial laboratories consider large-scale validation of these assays to make them widely available to practicing clinicians.

          Related collections

          Most cited references55

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states.

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.

            Measurement of adrenocorticotropin levels in plasma from the inferior petrosal sinuses of patients with Cushing's syndrome can distinguish adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary tumors (Cushing's disease) from other causes of the syndrome, principally ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion from an occult tumor. However, it is unknown whether such measurement consistently identifies patients with Cushing's disease and whether testing with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) enhances the value of the procedure. We prospectively studied 281 patients with Cushing's syndrome to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the procedure. Bilateral sampling was successfully accomplished in 278 patients, with no major morbidity; 262 of these patients underwent sampling before and after administration of ovine CRH. The adrenocorticotropin levels in the samples were used to calculate the ratio of the concentration in plasma from the inferior petrosal sinuses to the concentration in peripheral-blood plasma (the IPS:P ratio). The diagnosis of 246 patients was confirmed surgically as Cushing's disease in 215, as ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome in 20, and as primary adrenal disease in 11. An IPS:P ratio greater than or equal to 2.0 in basal samples identified 205 of the 215 patients with Cushing's disease (sensitivity, 95 percent), with no false positive results (specificity, 100 percent). A peak IPS:P ratio greater than or equal to 3.0 after CRH administration identified all 203 of the patients with Cushing's disease who received CRH (sensitivity, 100 percent), with no false positive results (specificity, 100 percent). The sensitivity was much lower when the adrenocorticotropin concentrations in the samples from one sinus were considered alone. In patients with Cushing's disease a difference of greater than or equal to 1.4-fold between the concentrations in the two sinuses (the adrenocorticotropin gradient) predicted the location of the microadenoma in 68 percent of 104 patients during basal sampling and in 71 percent of 105 patients after CRH administration. Simultaneous bilateral sampling of plasma from the inferior petrosal sinuses, with the adjunctive use of CRH, distinguishes patients with Cushing's disease from those with ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion with high diagnostic accuracy.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              An investigation into the relationship between salivary cortisol, stress, anxiety and depression.

              This study examined the relationship between indices of self-reported emotional distress and absolute versus change in cortisol levels. Fifty-four women attending a diagnostic breast clinic completed scales measuring stress, anxiety and depression and provided five saliva samples over the course of a single day for the measurement of cortisol. No significant relationships were evident between absolute cortisol levels and the distress measures. Analysis of the change in cortisol levels revealed a non-linear interaction effect between stress and anxiety and time of day. There was a non-linear relation between time of day and cortisol levels, but the extent of the non-linearity was dependent upon levels of stress and anxiety, not depression. A relationship was apparent between indices of distress and change in cortisol levels, but not absolute levels of the hormone. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                abem
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
                Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab
                Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1677-9487
                August 2003
                : 47
                : 4
                : 358-367
                Affiliations
                [01] Ribeirão Preto SP orgnameUSP orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto orgdiv2Departamento de Clínica Médica
                Article
                S0004-27302003000400008 S0004-2730(03)04700408
                d81e0435-625d-4a05-a6e7-403dd665427f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais, Revisões e Atualizações

                Salivary cortisol,Hypercortisolism,Dexamethasone suppression tests,Cushing's syndrome,Pseudo-Cushing,Cortisol salivar,Hipercortisolismo,Síndrome de Cushing,Teste de supressão com dexametasona

                Comments

                Comment on this article