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      Vermicompostaje: I avances y estrategias en el tratamiento de residuos sólidos orgánicos Translated title: Vermicomposting: I progress and strategies in the treatment of organic solid waste

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          Abstract

          Resumen El vermicompostaje es un proceso ecotecnológico de bajo costo que permite la bio-oxidación, degradación y estabilización de residuos orgánicos por la acción conjunta de lombrices y microorganismos, del cual se obtiene la vermicomposta, un producto final estabilizado, homogéneo y de granulometría fina. Este proceso tecnológico eficiente puede convertir residuos orgánicos en productos de valor agregado para las prácticas de restauración ecológica y programas de fertilidad del suelo. El objetivo de esta revisión, es presentar los avances reportados en la literatura científica acerca del proceso de vermicompostaje, con la finalidad de comprender las cualidades y virtudes de esta tecnología alternativa en la conversión de residuos orgánicos sólidos en productos estables. En este documento se hace una breve revisión sobre bases que dieron paso al uso de lombrices en la fertilización del suelo, desde civilizaciones antiguas hasta la implementación de invernaderos de alta tecnología, tanto así que el vermicompostaje está llamado a hacer la segunda revolución verde para la generación de fertilizante orgánico y producción de alimentos sanos, e incluso para la generación de proteína de alta calidad para alimento animal. Se describen características de algunas especies de lombrices adecuadas para su manejo, así como la función que desempeñan en reciclaje de la materia orgánica. Se hace una revisión de residuos orgánicos convencionales utilizados como alimento para lombrices, que al ser estabilizados mejoran el suelo y promueven la producción de los cultivos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The vermicomposting is a low cost eco-technological process that allows the bio-oxidation, degradation and stabilization of organic residues by the joint action of worms and microorganisms, from which the vermicompost is obtained, a final product stabilized, homogenous and fine granulometry. This efficient technological process can convert organic waste into value-added products for ecological restoration practices and soil fertility programs. The objective of this review is to present the advances reported in the scientific literature about the vermicomposting process, in order to understand the qualities and virtues of this alternative technology in the conversion of solid organic residues to stable products. In this document a brief review is made on bases that gave way to the use of earthworms in soil fertilization, from ancient civilizations to the implementation of high tech greenhouses at present, so much so that the vermicomposting is called to make the second green revolution for the generation of organic fertilizer and production of healthy food, and even for the generation of high quality protein for animal feed. Outstanding characteristics are described of some earthworm species that make them suitable for their management, as well as their role in the recycling of organic matter. A review is made of the various types of conventional organic waste that are used as food for earthworms, which, when stabilized, enrich the soil nutritively and promote crop production.

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          Most cited references42

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          Microbial diversity of vermicompost bacteria that exhibit useful agricultural traits and waste management potential

          Vermicomposting is a non-thermophilic, boioxidative process that involves earthworms and associated microbes. This biological organic waste decomposition process yields the biofertilizer namely the vermicompost. Vermicompost is a finely divided, peat like material with high porosity, good aeration, drainage, water holding capacity, microbial activity, excellent nutrient status and buffering capacity thereby resulting the required physiochemical characters congenial for soil fertility and plant growth. Vermicompost enhances soil biodiversity by promoting the beneficial microbes which inturn enhances plant growth directly by production of plant growth-regulating hormones and enzymes and indirectly by controlling plant pathogens, nematodes and other pests, thereby enhancing plant health and minimizing the yield loss. Due to its innate biological, biochemical and physiochemical properties, vermicompost may be used to promote sustainable agriculture and also for the safe management of agricultural, industrial, domestic and hospital wastes which may otherwise pose serious threat to life and environment.
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            Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: part 2. Effects on soil microbiological and chemical properties.

            The effects of applications of food waste and paper waste vermicomposts on some soil chemical and biological properties were evaluated in field plots planted with strawberries. Six-week old strawberries (Fragaria ananasa, var. Chandler) were transplanted into 4.5 m(2) raised beds under a plastic tunnel structure measuring 9.14 x 14.6 x 3.6 m. Vermicompost were applied at rates of 5 or 10 t ha(-1) supplemented with inorganic fertilizers to balance fertilizer recommendations for strawberries of 85-155-125 kg NPK ha(-1). Effects of vermicomposts on strawberry growth and yields have been reported previously [Arancon, N.Q., Edwards C.A., Bierman P., Welch, C., Metzger, J.D., 2004. The influence of vermicompost applications to strawberries: Part 1. Effects on growth and yield. Bioresource Technology 93:145-153]. Total extractable N, NH(4)-N, NO(3)-N and orthophosphates did not differ significantly between treatments, except on the last sampling date (harvest date) in which significantly greater amounts of NH(4)-N, NO(3)-N and orthophosphates (P
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              Recycling of organic wastes by employing Eisenia fetida.

              This paper reports the recycling of nutrients by vermicomposting of cow dung (CD), poultry droppings (PD) and food industry sludge (FIS) employing earthworms (Eisenia fetida). A total of six vermicomposting units were established and dynamics of chemical and biological parameters has been studied for 13 weeks. The waste mixture containing 50% CD+25% PD+25% FIS had better fertilizer value among studied waste combinations. At the end of experiment, vermicomposts showed decrease in pH and organic C, but increase in EC, total Kjeldhal N, total available P and total K contents. The C:N ratio of final vermicomposts also reduced to 10.7-12.7 from 22.8 to 56 in different waste combinations. The earthworms have good biomass gain and cocoon production in all vermicomposting units but CD alone and 50% CD+25% PD+25% FIS were better than other studied combinations. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                remexca
                Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas
                Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                2007-0934
                March 2017
                : 8
                : 2
                : 393-406
                Affiliations
                [1] Cárdenas Tabasco orgnameUniversidad Popular de la Chontalpa orgdiv1División Académica de Ciencias Básica Mexico
                [2] Villahermosa orgnameUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco orgdiv1División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas Mexico
                Article
                S2007-09342017000200393
                10.29312/remexca.v8i2.59
                573be47a-7d0e-41ce-b596-1dac148d80e6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : February 2017
                : March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 58, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Mexico


                lombrices de tierra,microorganismos,residuos sólidos orgánicos,vermicompostaje,bio-oxidation,organic solid waste,vermicomposting,bio-oxidación,earthworms,microorganisms

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