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      Clasificación e impacto ambiental de los residuos sólidos generados en las playas de Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia Translated title: Classification and environmental impact of solid waste generated in the beaches of Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia

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          Abstract

          En la presente investigación se realizó una clasificación y valoración de impacto de los residuos sólidos generados en las playas de Riohacha, desde Valle de los Cangrejos hasta el Barrio Marbella. Se seleccionaron cinco estaciones de muestreo; en cada una se ubicaron transectos perpendiculares a la línea de costa; sobre estos se trazaron cuadrantes paralelos para la recolección de residuos sólidos. Además, se aplicaron encuestas a los usuarios y vendedores de las playas para determinar la percepción de olores ofensivos y se cuantificó la carga turística. Los datos de residuos se analizaron con el software estadístico SPSS 12,0 a través de la prueba Kruskal-wallis con el 97,5% de significancia y se valoró el impacto con el Método de Leopold (1971). En el inventario realizado los materiales que registraron mayor presencia fueron materia orgánica, plásticos, misceláneos y vidrios, siendo los residuos sólidos orgánicos los que obtuvieron mayor porcentaje. Las mayores concentraciones de usuarios se presentaron en la Zona Activa (ZA) y Zona Pasiva (ZP), coincidiendo con la cantidad de residuos recolectados en cada estación de muestreo. Los olores ofensivos de mayor incidencia fueron basura, orina, excrementos humano y animal. La cantidad y el tipo de material están condicionados por las características del área y la influencia de actividades socioeconómicas. Las cantidades de residuos sólidos en las estaciones durante el 1° y 2° muestreo no presentaron diferencias significativas, siendo las principales causas de generación la disposición de desechos por residentes y visitantes, la pesca y la deposición de excrementos en la playa.

          Translated abstract

          This study was conducted to classify and evaluate the impact of solid waste generated in the beaches of Riohacha. The beaches sampled covered the length from Valle de los Cangrejos beach to Marbella's Neigborhood beach. Samples were taken in five places, were marked transcets perpendicular to the coastline; then on these places there were selected parallel quadrants for solid waste collection. In addition, a survey was also applied to users and sellers of the beaches to determine the perception of odours and quantify its burden on tourism. The data about solid waste was analyzed using Kruskal-wallis test in SPSS 12.0 software. The level of significance used was 97.5% and the impact was estimated using Leopold method (1971). The inventory ofthe solid waste showed that most of the materials were organic matter, plastics, glass and miscellaneous. However, organic solid waste had higher percentages than the other materials. Incidentally, most of the material collected in each sampling station was found on the Active Zone (AZ) and the Passive Zone (PZ); areas where there are the highest concentrations of beach users. The odours with higher incidence came from garbage, urine and faeces, both from human and animals. The quantity and type of waste were found to be conditioned by the characteristics of the area as well as the economical activities of people around. There were not found significant differences in the amount of solid waste collected during the first and second sampling. The study showed that most of the material collected came from the waste disposal by residents and visitors, fishing and stool.

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          Sanitary quality of sands from marine recreational beaches of São Paulo, Brazil

          A sanitary evaluation of sand and water from 16 beaches of São Paulo State, Brazil, was undertaken during spring of 1997 and summer of 1998. Ninety six samples each of wet and dry sand and seawater were collected and analysed for fecal indicator bacteria. A parasitological examination and Candida albicans analysis were also performed in sand samples and F-specific bacteriophages were determined in seawater. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated higher concentrations of fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci in dry sand during summer. Correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between fecal indicator densities in wet sand and seawater. There was a significant correlation between the densities of fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci for both types of sand, and this correlation was higher in wet sand. Cysts and eggs of parasites were detected in 4.2% of the samples and Candida albicans was isolated in 18% of the samples. The high concentrations of fecal indicators detected in sand during summer demonstrate that there is a health risk to the users of these recreational areas and suggest the necessity of some criteria for microbiological control. Preventive measures, such as education campaings and some management actions are important precautionary measures.
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            Efectos naturales y socioeconómicos del fenómeno El Niño en Colombia

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              A procedure for evaluating environmental impact

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rfiua
                Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia
                Rev.fac.ing.univ. Antioquia
                Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0120-6230
                2422-2844
                September 2011
                : 60
                : 118-128
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de la Guajira
                Article
                S0120-62302011000400012 S0120-6230(11)00006012
                1655bf11-6dfa-4444-96c8-fefcf624c129

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 March 2011
                : 02 July 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)

                playas,burden on tourism,environmental impact of solid waste,odours,beaches,Classification of Solid Waste,carga turística,impacto ambiental de residuos sólidos,olores ofensivos,Clasificación de residuos sólidos

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