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      The ecophysiology of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) - an Andean fruit crop. A review Translated title: La ecofisiología de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) - un frutal andino. Una revisión

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          Abstract

          Abstract In a literature review of the ecophysiology of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) it was found that in Colombia this typical Andean plant adapts to a wide altitudinal range of the tropical cold climate, between 1,800 and 2,800 m a.s.l., with optimal medium temperatures between 13 and 16°C and base (minimum) temperatures for stem and fruit growth of 6.3 and 1.9°C, respectively. However, this fruit does not withstand temperatures <0°C. The Andean conditions of the tropics such as high solar radiation and rather short day lengths <12 hours favor flower initiation. A duration of 1,500-2,000 hours year-1 of direct sunshine are the most favorable for the size, quality and ripening of the fruit. Under field conditions in Bogota we measured a photosynthesis rate of A = 10.545 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and light compensation point Ic = 13.645 μmol photons m-2 s-1. As this species with an indeterminate growth habit requires a constant supply of water, while high amounts or heavy rains after a dry season cause cracking of the fruits, the plant does not tolerate waterlogging for more than 4 days. Cape gooseberry is classified as moderately tolerant to salinity and 30 mM NaCl curiously promotes growth, since the plant has mechanisms such as increased antioxidant activity to protect against saline conditions.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Con el fin de revisar la literatura sobre la ecofisiología de la uchuva se encontró que esta típica planta andina en Colombia se adapta a un rango amplio de altitud de clima frío tropical, es decir entre 1.800 y 2.800 metros sobre el nivel del mar (msnm), con temperaturas medias óptimas entre 13 y 16°C y temperaturas bases (mínimas) para el crecimiento del tallo y del fruto relativamente bajas, 6,3 y 1,9°C, respectivamente, sin embargo no tolera temperaturas <0°C. Igualmente, las condiciones andinas del trópico como es la radiación solar alta y las longitudes del día <12 horas, más bien cortas, favorecen el inicio de la floración. Entre 1.500 y 2.000 horas año-1 de brillo solar (luz solar directa) son los más favorables para el tamaño, calidad y maduración del fruto. Bajo condiciones de campo en Bogotá, se midió una tasa de fotosíntesis A = 10,545 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 y punto de compensación por luz Ic = 13,645 μmol fotones m-2 s-1. Como planta con un hábito de crecimiento indeterminado, la provisión constante de agua es indispensable, mientras altas cantidades o lluvias fuertes, después de una época seca, causan el rajado de los frutos, igualmente como la planta no tolera más que 4 días el anegamiento. La uchuva es calificada como una planta moderadamente tolerante a la salinidad y 30 mM NaCl curiosamente fomentan el crecimiento, teniendo mecanismos, como el aumento de la actividad antioxidante, para protegerse contra condiciones salinas.

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          Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination.

          Farmers and breeders have long known that often it is the simultaneous occurrence of several abiotic stresses, rather than a particular stress condition, that is most lethal to crops. Surprisingly, the co-occurrence of different stresses is rarely addressed by molecular biologists that study plant acclimation. Recent studies have revealed that the response of plants to a combination of two different abiotic stresses is unique and cannot be directly extrapolated from the response of plants to each of the different stresses applied individually. Tolerance to a combination of different stress conditions, particularly those that mimic the field environment, should be the focus of future research programs aimed at developing transgenic crops and plants with enhanced tolerance to naturally occurring environmental conditions.
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            Climate resilient crops for improving global food security and safety.

            Food security and the protection of the environment are urgent issues for global society, particularly with the uncertainties of climate change. Changing climate is predicted to have a wide range of negative impacts on plant physiology metabolism, soil fertility and carbon sequestration, microbial activity and diversity that will limit plant growth and productivity, and ultimately food production. Ensuring global food security and food safety will require an intensive research effort across the food chain, starting with crop production and the nutritional quality of the food products. Much uncertainty remains concerning the resilience of plants, soils, and associated microbes to climate change. Intensive efforts are currently underway to improve crop yields with lower input requirements and enhance the sustainability of yield through improved biotic and abiotic stress tolerance traits. In addition, significant efforts are focused on gaining a better understanding of the root/soil interface and associated microbiomes, as well as enhancing soil properties.
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              Temporally Compound Heat Wave Events and Global Warming: An Emerging Hazard

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcch
                Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas
                rev.colomb.cienc.hortic.
                Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hotícolas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                2011-2173
                April 2020
                : 14
                : 1
                : 76-89
                Affiliations
                [1] Bogota Arauca orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [2] Bogota orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal Colombia
                Article
                S2011-21732020000100076 S2011-2173(20)01400100076
                10.17584/rcch.2020v14i1.10893
                b28b109a-fb4e-4638-b39e-8ccc6c7c27ee

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 January 2020
                : 30 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 80, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                photosynthetic rate,water,altitude,salinity.,temperatura,altitud,tasa fotosintética,agua,salinidad,temperature

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