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      Energy storage applications of activated carbons: supercapacitors and hydrogen storage

      Author(s): ,
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Energy Environ. Sci.
      Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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          Abstract

          This review presents the state-of-the-art with respect to synthesis of activated carbons, and their use as electrode materials in supercapacitors and as hydrogen storage materials.

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          Hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks.

          Leslie Murray, Mircea Dincă, Jeffrey R Long (2009)
          New materials capable of storing hydrogen at high gravimetric and volumetric densities are required if hydrogen is to be widely employed as a clean alternative to hydrocarbon fuels in cars and other mobile applications. With exceptionally high surface areas and chemically-tunable structures, microporous metal-organic frameworks have recently emerged as some of the most promising candidate materials. In this critical review we provide an overview of the current status of hydrogen storage within such compounds. Particular emphasis is given to the relationships between structural features and the enthalpy of hydrogen adsorption, spectroscopic methods for probing framework-H(2) interactions, and strategies for improving storage capacity (188 references).
          Article 0 comments Cited 981 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Ultrahigh porosity in metal-organic frameworks.

            Hiroyasu Furukawa, Nakeun Ko, Yong Bok Go … (2010)
            Crystalline solids with extended non-interpenetrating three-dimensional crystal structures were synthesized that support well-defined pores with internal diameters of up to 48 angstroms. The Zn4O(CO2)6 unit was joined with either one or two kinds of organic link, 4,4',4''-[benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(ethyne-2,1-diyl)]tribenzoate (BTE), 4,4',44''-[benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(benzene-4,1-diyl)]tribenzoate (BBC), 4,4',44''-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tribenzoate (BTB)/2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (NDC), and BTE/biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (BPDC), to give four metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), MOF-180, -200, -205, and -210, respectively. Members of this series of MOFs show exceptional porosities and gas (hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide) uptake capacities. For example, MOF-210 has Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Langmuir surface areas of 6240 and 10,400 square meters per gram, respectively, and a total carbon dioxide storage capacity of 2870 milligrams per gram. The volume-specific internal surface area of MOF-210 (2060 square meters per cubic centimeter) is equivalent to the outer surface of nanoparticles (3-nanometer cubes) and near the ultimate adsorption limit for solid materials.
            Article 0 comments Cited 879 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Anomalous increase in carbon capacitance at pore sizes less than 1 nanometer.

              J Chmiola, G Yushin, Y Gogotsi … (2006)
              Carbon supercapacitors, which are energy storage devices that use ion adsorption on the surface of highly porous materials to store charge, have numerous advantages over other power-source technologies, but could realize further gains if their electrodes were properly optimized. Studying the effect of the pore size on capacitance could potentially improve performance by maximizing the electrode surface area accessible to electrolyte ions, but until recently, no studies had addressed the lower size limit of accessible pores. Using carbide-derived carbon, we generated pores with average sizes from 0.6 to 2.25 nanometer and studied double-layer capacitance in an organic electrolyte. The results challenge the long-held axiom that pores smaller than the size of solvated electrolyte ions are incapable of contributing to charge storage.
              Article 0 comments Cited 805 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EESNBY
                Title: Energy Environ. Sci.
                Abbreviated Title: Energy Environ. Sci.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 1754-5692
                ISSN (Electronic): 1754-5706
                Publication date Created: 2014
                Publication date (Print): 2014
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 1250-1280
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C3EE43525C
                SO-VID: 54973654-9e38-40bd-84e1-d22ad7e9093e
                Copyright © © 2014
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